Clay minerals in surface sediments of the Pearl River drainage basin and their contribution to the South China Sea

Clay minerals have played a significant role in the study of the East Asian monsoon evolution in the South China Sea by being able to track oceanic current variations and to reveal contemporaneous paleoclimaUc changes prevailing in continental source areas. As one of the most important rivers inputting terrigenous matters to the northern South China Sea, the Pearl River was not previously paid attention to from the viewpoint of clay mineralogy. This paper presents a detailed study on clay minerals in surface sediments collected from the Pearl River drainage basin （including all three main channels, various branches, and the Lingdingyang in the estuary） by using the X-ray diffraction （XRD） method. The results indicate that the clay mineral assemblage consists dominantly of kaolinite （35%-65%）, lesser abundance of chlorite （20%-35%） and illite （12%-42%）, and very scare smectite occurrences （generally 〈5%）. Their respective distribution does not present any obvious difference throughout the Pearl River drainage basin. However, downstream the Pearl River to the northern South China Sea, the clay mineral assemblage varies significantly： kaolinite decreases gradually, smecUte and illite increase gradually. Additionally, illite chemistry index steps down and illite crystallinity steps up. These variations indicate the contribution of major kaolinite, lesser illite and chlorite, and very scarce smecUte to the northern South China Sea from the Pearl River drainage basin. The maximum contribution of clay minerals from the Pearl River is 72% to the northern margin and only 15% to the northern slope of the South China Sea. In both glacials and interglacials, kaolinite indicates that the ability of mechanical erosion occurred in the Pearl River drainage basin.     

唐诗中的伍子胥信仰与传说

以唐代文学中的诗歌为主,就伍子胥及其相关之信仰与传说(伍子胥庙、钱塘江涛、罗剎石),做更深层次的探讨,企图呈现出伍子胥在唐代更为丰富多彩的面貌。     

中生代焉耆盆地演化特征

目的探讨焉耆盆地中生代盆地的演化。方法通过盆地断裂活动特征、沉积演化特征探讨盆地演化阶段。结果盆地断裂活动分为3个阶段,中晚三叠世挤压断层发育阶段、侏罗纪—早白垩世伸展正断层发育阶段和晚白垩世挤压逆冲断层发育阶段;沉积演化分为两个阶段,中—晚三叠世挤压环境的辫状河—浅湖相沉积,早—中侏罗世伸展环境的辫状河—浅湖相沉积。结论焉耆盆地中生代的演化可分为中晚三叠世前陆盆地阶段、侏罗纪—早白垩世的伸展阶段和晚白垩世的挤压抬升阶段3个阶段。     

怒江水电开发与环境保护

怒江水电开发,国内议论较多,争论也很激烈.怒江是三江并流的主要组成部分.对三江并流作了简要介绍,提出怒江不宜全水头进行水电开发,应以不损害自然景观及人文景观为前提,力求自然景观与人文景观和谐并存,建设更加美丽的怒江;可开发河段,既要将水资源充分利用,又要保护好怒江的自然景观和生态环境,也就是保护好三江并流这一世界自然遗产的完整性和自然性,真正做到开发怒江水电,保护自然环境,实现经济、社会、资源与环境相互协调和可持续发展,构建和谐社会.     

巢湖十五里河河口湿地植物群落多样性分析

依据巢湖十五里河河口植物群落野外调查资料,运用PCORD软件中Euclidean距离和Ward’s meth-od聚类方法研究了河口湿地植物群落的特征及多样性变化;用收获法研究了植物群落的生物量变化。研究显示:十五里河河口湿地植物群落由21个种组成,它们隶属于18属,11科,其中假稻(Leersia japonica)、北水苦荬(Veronica anagallis aquatica)、长芒野稗(Echinochloa caudata)、芮草(Beckmannia syzigachne)、黄花蒿(Artemisia annua)和水花生(Alternanthera philoxeroides)为优势种;河口湿地植物群落可分为8个组合,其中分布在湖堤附近的黄花蒿 北水苦荬(Artemisia annua Veronica anagallis aquatica)组合多样性指数和均匀度指数最高,分别为2.06和0.94;组合中物种多样性指数与物种丰富度和均匀度指数线性相关性不明显,其相关系数分别为0.609和0.549;组合的分布、生物量和多样性均与水位变化有密切关系。     

Daily variation of carbon flux in soils of Populus euphratica forests in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River

In order to lucubrate the daily variation of respiration in soils of Populus euphratica forests and analyze its relationship with environmental factors in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River, the LI-8100 instrument of soil CO2 flux system was used to measure the parameters of soil carbon flux and air temperature 10 cm above ground surface along the profiles of Usyman, Archy River, Yengisu and Karday, and the relationships between the soil carbon flux and the soil moisture content were analyzed. The nonlinear regression analysis was carried out with the software SPSS13.0. We observed that: (1) soil respiration began to be restrained when the air temperature was up to 30℃10 cm above the ground surface; (2) the rates of soil respiration under the forests of Populus euphratica were significantly different at various moisture contents, the soil carbon flux was high along the Usyman profile, which has a high soil moisture content, and it was low along the profiles of Archy River, Yengisu and Karday, which has a low soil moisture content; (3) the exponential model can be used to explain the relationship between soil respiration and air temperature 10 cm above the ground surface. The average Q10 values along the profiles of Usyman, Archy River, Yengisu and Karday are 0. 61, 0.16, 0. 22 and 0. 35 respectively, much lower than the average of the world; (4) there is a positive correlation between the soil carbon flux and the soil moisture content.     

From deep basin gas to diagenetic trap—An example from the Yulin Gas Field in the Ordos Basin

In the updip portion of the Yulin Gas Field in the Ordos Basin, there are no any structural, stratigraphic and sedimentary lithologic seals. Using thin-section petrography, ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy, micro-thermometry and Raman microspectrometry, this paper finds out the diagenetic trap and studies the diagenetic history of this field. It was revealed that three phases of diagenesis and hydrocarbon charging happened in late Triassic, late Jurassic and the end of early Cretaceous respectively. In the first two phases, acid geofluid entered the reservoir and caused dissolution and cementation. Although the porosities had been increased, further compaction accompanying re-subsidence resulted in tight sandstone and conglomerates. Till the end of the early Cretaceous, bulk of gas migrated into the tight reservoir. Cementation, however, kept on in the updip portion of this field due to low gas saturation and formed the diagenetic trap. The mechanism for gas accumulation was changed from deep basin gas to diagenetic trap, which offers a sealing condition that can retain gas for much longer time.     

珠江三角洲网河潮汐空间特征

珠江三角洲网河区径潮作用复杂，其潮汐的特征明显受到径流、地形等影响。本文根据1999年洪季和2001年枯季的实测逐时潮位资料，应用数理统计、作图、潮汐调和分析等方法来分析珠江三角洲网河的潮汐空间特征，包括洪、枯季平均潮位的空间变化，潮汐调和常数（分潮振幅和迟角）的空间分布特征及沿程变化。同时，这些潮汐特征也反映了潮波在传播过程中受到径流、地形和边界条件作用后能量和周期的变化。     

混合地震反演技术及其在东海南部陆架盆地中的应用

介绍了一种在无井或少井情况下的叠前叠后混合地震反演方法。该方法充分利用了叠前反演分辨率高和叠后反演效率高、抗噪能力强的优点。首先应用遗传算法理论在所选控制点的角道集数据上进行叠前波形反演,求取控制点的虚拟纵波速度曲线;然后利用纵波速度曲线和已知地质信息来建立初始模型,进行叠后约束反演。我国东海南部陆架盆地勘探程度低、探井数量少,适合于混合地震反演技术的应用。利用该地区的实际资料进行了混合地震反演,并对影响混合地震反演效果的关键因素（层速度、角道集数据、迭代次数、已知地质信息）进行了分析。结果表明,为了获取虚拟纵波速度,需要准确的速度谱和角道集数据;为了增强叠前反演的实用性,需要选择恰当的控制点;充分利用已知地质信息,可以减小叠后反演结果的多解性。