追踪物理学中的跨领域模因

以美国物理学会旗下期刊2000—2019年发表的论文和Web of Science论文摘要为基础,用模因短语刻画知识,构建模因关系网络并引入跨学科测度Rao-Stirling指数以计算模因的跨领域分数,从而追踪物理学中的跨领域模因。分别从网络拓扑结构指标、跨领域测度指标和专业术语对比3个方面进行验证,证明了所提的模因关系网络和模因的跨领域分数可以有效反映知识在不同领域间的扩散现象。     

Silent performances: Are “repertoires” really post-Kuhnian?

Ankeny and Leonelli (2016) propose “repertoires” as a new way to understand the stability of certain research programs as well as scientific change in general. By bringing a more complete range of social, material, and epistemic elements into one framework, they position their work as a correction to the Kuhnian impulse in philosophy of science and other areas of science studies. I argue that this “post-Kuhnian” move is not complete, and that repertoires maintain an internalist perspective. Comparison with an alternative framework, the “sociotechnical imaginaries” of Jasanoff and Kim (2015), illustrates precisely which elements of practice are externalized by Ankeny and Leonelli. Specifically, repertoires discount the role of audience, without whom the repertoires of science are unintelligible, and lack an explicit place for ethical and political imagination, which provide meaning for otherwise mechanical promotion of particular research programs. This comparison reveals, I suggest, two distinct modes of scholarship, one internalist and the other critical. While repertoires can be modified to meet the needs of critical STS scholars and to completely reject Kuhn's internalism, whether or not we do so depends on what we want our scholarship to achieve.     

Effect of Ce addition on hot tearing behavior of AZ91 alloy

A small amount of cerium (below 1.0 wt%) addition to AZ91 alloy have been investigated on the hot tearing susceptibility (HTS) at a cooling rate of 1.5Ks^?1. The HTS increased to a maximum value with a cerium addition of 0.6 wt% and then decreased to a stable status as cerium was gradually added. Due to high chemical activity, cerium into the melts can react with aluminum to form an Al₁₁Ce₃ intermetallic compound. X–ray diffraction results also confirmed the existence of Al₁₁Ce₃. The Al₁₁Ce₃ increased with the presence of the needle-like and block morphology. As cerium levels increased, the amount of Mg₁₇Al₁₂ decreased. The variations between Mg₁₇Al₁₂ and Al₁₁Ce₃ resulted in a similar normal distribution of the HTS in AZ91 alloy. The findings were further verified through the microstructure evolution and the surface morphology of fracture.     

Effects of Cr and Mo elements on the microstructures and compressive properties of the in situ (TiC_xN_y–TiB_2)/Ni cermets

In-situ(TiC_xN_y–TiB_2)/Ni cermets with 70 wt%TiC_xN_y–TiB_2 were successfully fabricated by combustion synthesis and hot pressing sintering in Ni-Ti-B_4C-BN powder systems.The microstructures,density,compressive properties,and hardness of the TiC_xN_y–TiB_2/Ni cermets with the addition of 0–8 wt%Cr/Mo to the Ni-Ti-B_4C-BN powder systems were compared and analysed.The results showed that the ceramic particles distributed uniformly in the cermets,and the size of the ceramic particles reduced with the Cr/Mo addition.Both Cr and Mo addition can improve the hardness,compressive properties,and fracture strains of the cermets.The hardness,compressive strength,and fracture strain of the(TiC_xN_y–TiB_2)/(Ni+Cr)cermets increased from 1561 HV,2.94 GPa,and 2.9%to 1864 HV,3.65 GPa,and 3.4%,respectively when the Cr content increased to 5 wt%.The hardness and compressive strength of the(TiC_xN_y–TiB_2)/(Ni+Mo)cermets increased from 1561 HV and 2.94 GPa to 1902 HV and 3.43 GPa,respectively when the Mo content increased to 8 wt%.The cermets with Cr had better compressive properties than the cermets with Mo.     

论安全生产的科学技术与法律的关系

一切优秀成果的全方位的突破和更新都离不开科学技术工具,也离不开理论本身的发展。"法律与科技"问题是法理学重要的构成部分,有关科技的法律也已成为法学的一个重要分支。安全生产领域既包括科学(自然科学、社会科学)的理论,也包括众多的边缘和交叉内容,并在当代展现出了现实性、多样性的特点。当然,对安全生产这一大科学领域的多样性、现实性的探讨并不是简单地采纳新技术或简单地引入即可实现的,而是需要注重对科学、技术、文化、意识、法律等多方面之间的矛盾和互动关系,并关注他们的实践,从而推动安全生产成为一门真正的科学。     

日本科学技术振兴机构及其信息资源的使用

通过对日本科学技术振兴机构的了解,利用其相关数据库和网站提供的资源,开拓了查找日文科技文献的新途径。     

毕节地区农业科学研究所图书资料室的现状及发展对策

分析了毕节地区农业科学研究所图书资料室的现状和存在的问题,从图书资料室的馆藏文献、网络化、数据库、服务体系及人才队伍建设等方面提出了发展对策。     

日本侵略军入侵广西与广西人民的英勇抗击

在抗日战争期间,日本侵略军不仅从空中轰炸广西各地,而且还曾两次从地面入侵广西;日本侵略军对广西轰炸和入侵的罪恶暴行,给广西各族人民造成了巨大的灾难;富有反帝反封建斗争传统的广西各族人民对日本侵略军的轰炸和入侵,进行了英勇抗击,为中国人民打败日本侵略军作出了重要贡献。     

地板上尿渍足迹的溴酚蓝溶液新型增强技术研究

目的探索一种新型地板表面尿渍足迹的溴酚蓝酒精溶液增强技术。方法使用BRWY-1雾化器对75%酒精溴酚蓝酒精溶液对地板表面上不同遗留时间和遗留量的尿渍足迹进行溴酚蓝增强处理。结果使用BRWY-1雾化器对75%酒精溴酚蓝溶液雾化喷涂,能够有效增强地板表面上的尿渍足迹,时间约为30 s,尿渍足迹纹线颜色为蓝色,特征清晰连贯、与地板反差明显。结论 BRWY-1雾化器雾化75%酒精溴酚蓝溶液能够有效增强地板表面与尿渍足迹的反差,可作为一种新型尿渍足迹显现和增强技术,有效提高该类痕迹的发现率、提取率和利用率。