软硬互层岩滑坡的变形特征及稳定性分析 ——以湖南郴州S215公路K3+172~K3+252段滑坡为例

在软硬互层岩石中,地质灾害极易发生。本文以S215公路K3+172~K3+252段滑坡为研究对象,分析了该滑坡的空间形态、物质组成和变形特征,采用极限平衡法,选择折线型滑动模型,在两种不同工况下对其稳定性进行了计算,最后对滑坡稳定性进行了评价。滑坡在天然工况I条件下为基本稳定状态,在暴雨工况Ⅱ条件下为不稳定状态。提出了多级抗滑桩工程、截排水工程、坡腰平台复绿工程、道路路面修复工程和监测工程相结合的综合防治工程,为该滑坡的后期治理提供了依据。     

2种山姜属植物挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

采用同时蒸馏萃取法提取桂南山姜茎叶和毛红豆蔻茎叶的挥发油,以不同的毛细管柱进行分析,找出最佳的分析条件,用归一化法测定各个成分的相对含量,并利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对其化学成分进行分析鉴定.从桂南山姜茎叶的挥发油中分离鉴定出了65个化合物,占其挥发油总成分的95.40%;从毛红豆蔻茎叶的挥发油中分别分离鉴定出了71个化合物,占其挥发油总成分的92.38%.     

混凝土塑性损伤模型参数的研究

基于相关的试验研究成果,提出了一种确定混凝土塑性损伤模型(KC模型)强度参数取值的方法.针对KC模型损伤参数取值依赖于单元尺寸的问题,以我国混凝土规范为基准,阐述了损伤参数值的调整方法,使得数值计算结果更加合理.利用ANSYS/LSDYNA模拟混凝土常规三轴压缩试验,KC模型分别采用本文确定和程序自动生成的强度参数值,并将计算结果与国内外试验结果比较,研究表明:采用本文提出的方法确定KC模型强度参数值比较合理.     

基于光诱导荧光的维生素K1检测方法研究

建立一种灵敏度高、选择性好的基于紫外光诱导荧光的维生素K1(VK1)检测方法.不发荧光的VK1经紫外光(254nm,15W)照射后可转变为具有很高荧光量子产率的光化产物,检测出其特征荧光峰在465nm处;当加入咪唑并经光诱导后,光化产物荧光特性发生变化,在330nm处又出现一新的较强荧光发射峰,两峰间的stokes位移长达135nm.同时发现,随着VK1浓度的增加,465nm处的荧光峰强度增加,而330nm处的峰强度反而减小.方法的检出限为0.003#g·mL-1(S/N=3),对1.0#g·mL-1 VK1溶液进行11次平行测定,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.4%.该法用于注射液及人血清中VK1含量测定,回收率为97%~104%,结果令人满意.     

Retrievals of atmospheric boundary layer temperature and moisture profiles by using Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer （AERI） measurements in Shouxian

The ground-based Atmospheric Emitted Radi- ance Interferometer （AERI） was deployed in Shouxian, China in 2008 to measure down-welling infrared radiances with high resolution. Based on AERI observations, we propose a new method for retrieving vertical temperature and water vapor profiles in the planetary boundary layer （PBL）. The method exclusively uses NCEP-2, a global reanalysis data as a first-guess profile in an iterative recursive algorithm. The PBL profiles of temperature and moisture under clear sky conditions in Shouxian have been retrieved using this new method. Compared with coinci- dent radiosonde measurements, we find that AERI is able to obtain more accurate temperature and water vapor pro- files in the PBL. The retrieval results with high temporal resolution can be used to monitor the PBL stability and evolution.     

Effect of ytterbium on sodium current and its kinetics in rat hippocampal neurons

This study addressed the effects of Yb3＋ on voltage-gated sodium currents in rat hippocampal neurons using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Voltage-clamp recordings in single neurons were filtered and stored in a computer. Yb3＋ increased the amplitude of sodium currents in a concentration-dependent and voltage-dependent man- ner. The 50 % enhancement concentration of Yb3＋ on sodium currents was about 8.97 μmol/L, which was dif- ferent from the inhibitory effects of Yb3＋ on potassium current. The analysis on the activation and inactivation kinetics of Na＋ current showed that 100 μmol/L Yb3＋ did not change the process of activation and inactivation. In addition, the times reaching the peak of current （t） and inactivated time constant （τ） were voltage dependent. 100 μmol/L Yb3＋ significantly prolonged the time to peak at -70 and -80 mV. The effect disappeared at the positive direction of -70 mV. Furthermore, Yb3＋ decreased r val- ues to more positive values than -80 mV. In total, Yb3＋ did not change the process of activation, but impelled inacti- vated process. Yb3＋ mainly increased the Na＋ current through changing its conductance. It might be one of the mechanisms that Yb3＋ affected the hippocampal neurons.     

Gold nanorod translocation through a solid-state nanopore

Recently, nanopores have been used in an essential technique for detecting single molecule with high sensitivity. The initial application of nanopores to DNA and RNA sequencing has been expanded to sensing pro- teins and nanoparticles, including Bovine serum albumin, silica nanoparticles, polystyrene beads, and others. In our study, for the first time, a positively charged gold nanorod was investigated using a solid-state nanopore device. Various gold nanorods passed through the nanopore with different current blockages and duration times, providing a measurement of the nanorod diameter, length, and charge. Our findings indicate that nanopore sensing might be a new method for characterizing the size, shape, and charge of nanoparticles.     

Combinational electroporation and transplantation approach to studying gene functions in avian embryos

Gene transfection is an indispensable approach for studying gene function since it provides important information on gain- and/or loss-of-function. Chick embryos are also extensively employed for studying bio- logical function since they are easily accessible and can be maintained alive after manipulation. The combination of both techniques presents a powerful approach to under- standing how genes regulate embryo development. Fur- thermore, combining these approaches with tissue transplant techniques make even more attractive for elu- cidate gene function. Electroporation, employing parallelly fashioned electrodes, has been widely used in chick embryos. However, experimenters have been frustrated by unsuccessfully transfection in some embryonic tissue of interest because the electrodes were improperly positioned.We presently demonstrated the different patterns of orga- nizing and positioning the electrodes, in combination with tissue transplantation, to efficiently and specifically trans- fect the chick embryonic head, trunk neural tube, heart tube, somites and neural crest cells with the GFP reporter gene.     

Millennial climate changes since MIS 3 revealed by element records in deep-sea sediments from northern South China Sea

High resolution elemental MD05-2903 from the northern South records in core China Sea were obtained from XRF scanning and grain size and mineral component analyses. The K/Ti curve reveals climate changes since MIS 3 on a millennial scale, representing one of the best such records so far from deep-sea sediments of the South China Sea. When compared our K/Ti record with other climate records from high latitude ice cores and from East Asia stalagmites, variations in the K/Ti record show some typical saw-shaped features of rapid climate changes in the Northern Hemisphere. Grain size analysis reveals a close relationship between variations in K/Ti and in the fine end-member grain size. XRD analysis confirms that high K/Ti layers were dominated by K-rich weathering minerals, especially illite, while low K/Ti layers contain low illite but high abundance of Ti-rich heavy minerals. Therefore, the K/Ti record reflects changes in the input and deposition of fine weathering minerals and heavy minerals in the northern South China Sea region during stadials and interstadials. These elemental changes were largely con- trolled by variations in rainfall, erosion, and fluvial trans- portation induced by East Asia Monsoon.     

Genetically engineered organisms for bioremediation of pollutants in contaminated sites

Environmental pollution is a major problem which affects biodiversity, public health and ecosystems worldwide. This issue cannot currently be solved using conventional technology because these treatments are expensive, ineffective and time consuming. Conventional methods focus unduly on the separation, rather than the destruction of contaminants. The use of genetically engi- neered organisms for bioremediation would be an envi- ronmentally-friendly and cost-effective alternative for the management and remediation of pollutants in contaminated sites. Different types of genetically engineered microbes have been developed through recombinant DNA and RNA technologies, these have been utilized for the removal of heavy metals and toxic substances from contaminated sites. Transgenic plants can also mobilize or degrade chlorinated solvent, xenobiotic compounds, explosives and phenolic substances. A symbiotic relationship between genetic engineered microbes and transgenic plants can enhance the effectiveness of bioremediation of contaminated sites. This review examines recent developments in the use of genetically engineered microbes and transgenic plants forthe bioremediation of contaminated sites. This review will also identify the environmental factors which influence bioremediation by genetically engineered microbes and transgenic plants as well as suggesting future directions for research in these areas.