基于案例推理中案例表示的研究

基于案例推理利用过去的案例或经验进行推理来求解新问题,是一种重要的机器学习方法.在CBR(Case-based Reason ing)中知识表示以案例表示为基础,案例是一段带有上下文信息的知识,该知识表达了推理机在达到其目标的过程中能起关键作用的经验.案例表示可能是半结构化或非结构化的,甚至用自然语言来表达的,涉及系统的运行效率.分析了目前的多种表示方法,研究了不同环境下的案例表示,以及选用合适的方法来构筑的案例库.     

高邮凹陷西部地区构造样式特征及其油气勘探意义

利用地质、地震、测井等资料对高邮凹陷西部地区构造样式进行了深入解剖,并分析了它们与油气成藏的关系。研究表明,高邮凹陷西部地区主要发育"Y"字形、断阶、堑垒等3种伸展构造样式类型,并控制了这一地区主要的油气藏类型,复杂断块油藏及构造———岩性油藏是这一地区今后勘探的主要目标。     

Bringing tacit knowledge back to contributory and interactional expertise: A reply to Goddiksen

We analyse a recent paper by Goddiksen (2014) where the author raises questions about the relationship between authorship, attribution and Collins & Evans' concept of contributory and interactional expertise. We then highlight recent empirical work in the sociology of climate change science that has made similar points in order to clarify how authorship, division of labour and contribution are handled in real scientific settings. Despite this, Goddiksen's critique of both contributory and interactional expertise is ultimately ineffective because it rests on a misguided attempt to de-socialise these concepts. We conclude by stressing the importance of collective tacit knowledge acquisition through immersion as a critical step in becoming a full-blown contributory or interactional expert.     

云南边疆高校毕业生就业压力及其应对方式研究

为探讨边疆高校毕业生就业压力与应对方式的关系,采用大学毕业班学生就业压力问卷和大学生就业压力应对方式问卷,对670名边疆高校毕业生进行调查,结果显示云南边疆大学毕业生就业压力应对方式发泄与回避、寻求支持、妥协、注意转移四个维度与就业压力各因子及总分呈显著正相关;就业压力应对方式正面认识、收集就业信息、心态调节三个维度与就业压力行为表现因子呈显著负相关。     

2014年四大满贯男单决赛得失分的技战术分析

网球比赛胜负的实质是得失分多少.运用文献资料、录像分析、数理统计、逻辑分析等方法,对2014年四大满贯男单决赛中选手得失分的技战术进行分析,结果表明:冠、亚军选手以一发、正手、和上网截击为主要得分手段,反手、接发球为主要失分环节;冠、亚军选手的得失分在非受迫性失误、放小球和高压球中存在非常显著性差异;冠、亚军选手的得失分在制胜分、正手斜线、侧身正手斜线和正手截击中存在显著性差异;冠、亚军选手的得失分在发球、接发球、反手和反手位截击中能力相当.     

A Pluralistic Approach to Interactional Expertise

The concept of interactional expertise – characterized by sociologists Harry Collins and Robert Evans as the ability to speak the language of a discipline without the corresponding ability to practice – can serve as a powerful way of breaking down expert/non-expert dichotomies and providing a role for new voices in specialist communities. However, in spite of the vast uptake of this concept and its potential to fruitfully address many important issues related to scientific expertise, there has been surprisingly little critical analysis of it. We seek to remedy this situation by considering potential benefits of interactional expertise and the ways in which the current conception can – and cannot – realize those benefits. In particular, we argue that interactional expertise hasn't reached its full potential for addressing who ought to be involved in scientific research and decision-making, largely owing to an unnecessarily restrictive way of operationalizing the concept. In its place, we offer a broader, more pluralistic account of interactional expertise – one that is in line with the original spirit of the concept, but also captures the diversity that we see as being an important aspect of interactional experts and the value they can bring to the table.     

The benefits of acquiring interactional expertise: Why (some) philosophers of science should engage scientific communities

Philosophers of science are increasingly arguing for and addressing the need to do work that is socially and scientifically engaged. However, we currently lack well-developed frameworks for thinking about how we should engage other expert communities and what the epistemic benefits are of doing so. In this paper, I draw on Collins and Evans' concept of ‘interactional expertise’ – the ability to speak the language of a discipline in the absence of an ability to practice – to consider the epistemic benefits that can arise when philosophers engage scientific communities. As Collins and Evans argue, becoming an interactional expert requires that one ‘hang out’ with members of the relevant expert community in order to learn crucial tacit knowledge needed to speak the language. Building on this work, I argue that acquiring interactional expertise not only leads to linguistic fluency, but it also confers several ‘socio-epistemic’ benefits such as the opportunity to cultivate trust with scientific communities. These benefits can improve philosophical work and facilitate the broader uptake of philosophers' ideas, enabling philosophers to meet a variety of epistemic goals. As a result, having at least some philosophers of science acquire interactional expertise via engagement will likely enhance the diversity of epistemic capacities for philosophy of science as a whole. For some philosophers of science, moreover, the socio-epistemic benefits identified here may be more important than the ability to speak the language of a discipline, suggesting the need for a broader analysis of interactional expertise, which this paper also advances.     

书籍封面设计中汉字使用的感与悟

对中文书籍封面设计而言,书名汉字字体的运用自然是设计的关键一环。作为以中文书籍为主要设计对象的书装设计者,对汉字字体的理解理应较一般人有更全面、更深刻乃至更独到的认识。     

运动学习认知方式的场依存性─独立性特征的研究

运用镶嵌图形测验的方法，对大学文、理科学生，体育专业学生和专业运动员进行认知方式的场依存性—独立性特征的实验研究。结果表明，各类被试者的场依存性与独立性特征存在着差异。     

地理科学专业本科生学习风格分析——以嘉应学院为例

根据四大学习风格类型对嘉应学院地理科学专业学生进行学习风格的测试,同时以感知、性格、认知等方面为测量基础元素进行分析.调查结果显示,被调查群体的学习风格在视觉型、沉思型、感悟型等学习风格上表现得更强烈.在此基础上,对学习风格的产生原因进行了分析,并提出相应的学习策略.