植物叶绿体色素的纸色谱分离

报道了一种新的以石油醚—氯仿—异两醇(79:20:1)三元体系为展开剂,分离叶绿体色素的单向纸色谱法,能够完全分离高等植物中常见的六种叶绿体色素,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、β-胡萝卜素、叶黄素、紫黄质、新黄质和一种叶绿素a的衍生物脱植基叶绿素a。     

盐胁迫下灰绿藜叶片光合特性与叶绿体离子调节的研究

ＮａＣｌ处理后,灰绿藜整个叶片内Ｎ＾＋ａ和Ｃｌ＆－积累,但叶绿体内仅少量增加。叶绿体与叶片的Ｋ＾＋浓度都降低。     

黄化型大麦的系列研究 Ⅰ南黄大麦的发现

南黄大麦系辐射突变选育而成。植株前期叶色浅黄,后期淡绿,是一种稀有的黄化型大麦。南黄大麦的发现,不仅丰富了大麦的基因库,而且在遗传、核质关系,超微结构、光合作用等方面具有理论和实践的意义。     

Relationship between topology and functions in metabolic network evolution

What is the relationship between the topological connections among enzymes and their functions during metabolic network evolution? Does this relationship show similarity among closely related organisms? Here we investigated the relationship between enzyme connectivity and functions in metabolic networks of chloroplast and its endosymbiotic ancestor, cyanobacteria (Synechococcus sp. WH8102). Also several other species, including E. coli, Arabidopsis thaliana and Cyanidioschyzon merolae, were used for the comparison. We found that the average connectivity among different functional pathways and enzyme classifications (EC) was different in all the species examined. However, the average connectivity of enzymes in the same functional classification was quite similar between chloroplast and one representative of cyanobacteria, syw. In addition, the enzymes in the highly conserved modules between chloroplast and syw, such as amino acid metabolism, were highly connected compared with other modules. We also discovered that the isozymes of chloroplast and syw often had higher connectivity, corresponded to primary metabolism and also existed in conserved module. In conclusion, despite the drastic re-organization of metabolism in chloroplast during endosymbiosis, the relationship between network topology and functions is very similar between chloroplast and its precursor cyanobacteria, which demonstrates that the relationship may be used as an indicator of the closeness in evolution.     

叶绿体DNA种内多样化

着重讨论了９科３２种植物叶绿体ＤＮＡ种内多样化，进而探讨叶绿体ＤＮＡ种内多样化的遗传学基础和意义。     

植物细胞质雄性不育分子机理研究

本文综述了植物细胞质雄性不育分子机理的研究进展。主要介绍了植物线粒体DNA、线粒体RNA和线粒体蛋白质与细胞质雄性不育的关系,同时对植物叶绿体及核质互作与细胞质雄性不育的关系进行了综述,并对今后的研究前景进行了展望。     

唐古特虎耳草叶绿体和线粒体超微结构的研究

通过对生长在青藏高原东北部高海拔地区的唐古特虎耳草（Ｓａｘｉｆｒａｇａｔａｎｇｕｔｉｃａ）叶绿体和线粒体超微结构的分析表明：叶绿体长度缩短,厚度增加,局部有损伤,基粒垛叠程度小,类囊体有肿胀现象。线粒体的形态由棒状变为球状,被膜不整齐,局部有损伤,嵴的数目少而且有肿胀现象。这些特征的出现,是与青藏高原强辐射,低气压,高寒的生态环境密切相关。     

Plant thioredoxins: the multiplicity conundrum

Thioredoxins are small proteins distinguished by the presence of a conserved dicysteine active site. In oxidized thioredoxin, the two cysteines form a disulfide bond that is targeted by the enzyme thioredoxin reductase. Together with an electron donor, thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase form the 'thioredoxin system' that is present in all organisms. Thioredoxins participate in dithiol/disulfide exchange reactions with a large range of cellular substrates. Higher plants possess a very complex thioredoxin profile consisting of at least two different thioredoxin systems that contain distinct, multigenic thioredoxin classes which have different intracellular localizations. In this review we summarise the current state of knowledge regarding the function of plant thioredoxins representing all systems and classes. Received 30 October 2001; received after revision 13 December 2001; accepted 17 December 2001     

缺锌胁迫对水稻叶绿体抗氧化系统的影响

采用营养液培养方式,设置0,1.0×10^-10和1.0×10^-6mol/L 3个锌处理水平,研究了缺锌胁迫对水稻叶绿体活性氧水平、膜脂过氧化、抗氧化剂含量及抗坏血酸（As A）-谷胱甘肽（GSH）循环系统中相关酶活性的影响.结果表明：1.0×10^-10mol/L锌处理下,水稻叶绿体中H2O2,O2.^-和丙二醛（MDA）的含量显著升高,表明缺锌造成了水稻叶绿体内的氧化胁迫;抗坏血酸含量在1.0×10^-10mol/L锌水平上达到最高,而谷胱甘肽含量随缺锌程度的增加呈递减趋势;超氧化物歧化酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶及单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶等As A-GSH循环中的关键酶活性均于潜在缺锌（1.0×10^-10mol/L锌）下达到最大值,而在严重缺锌（0 mol/L锌）下又显著下降.研究表明：一定程度上缺锌可诱导水稻叶绿体内As A-GSH循环系统中的抗氧化剂水平和抗氧化酶活性增加,以减少活性氧的产生与膜脂过氧化的作用;但严重缺锌条件下水稻叶绿体中氧化胁迫突破了抗氧化保护系统的保护能力,使水稻受到伤害.     

叶绿体CrFtsZ2蛋白对E.coli形态的影响

FtsZ蛋白在细菌的分裂中担任着重要作用,能够在分裂位点形成一个环状结构而控制细菌的分裂过程。胞内FtsZ蛋白浓度的异常升高或降低均可阻断正常的细胞分裂过程进而形成分裂异常的丝状菌体。我们为了进一步研究衣藻FtsZ蛋白的生物学活性,建立了CrFtsZ2-EGFP融合蛋白原核表达的对照体系。结果表明：低浓度IPTG促进转化有表达质粒pLGZ2的大肠杆菌JM109伸长,高浓度IPTG则抑制其伸长;融合表达质粒的过量表达导致宿主菌形成了丝状菌体,不但菌体长度随浓度梯度而有规律性的变化,而且CrFtsZ2-EGFP融合蛋白沿着宿主菌体的纵轴方向有规律地聚集成荧光点或荧光带。更进一步验证了衣藻CrFtsZ2蛋白的功能。