Parallels between sexual strategies and other allocation strategies

Summary Allocation strategies in which a limited resource is apportioned among alternative activities are applicable to diverse structural, genetical and behavioral topics, including male versus female investments. In a model of sex allocation strategies, the absolute fitnesses of individuals are calculated by summing the production of male and female gametes or offspring, each weighted by its reproductive value. The ESS is obtained by examining the fitness advantage of one phenotype over another. An analogous method is used to obtain a general model of allocation strategies that incorporates some widespread features. Allocation strategies are affected by the sizes and shapes of the reward curves, stochastic factors, and constraints on the allocations permitted. A number of parallels among diverse types of allocation strategies, including the occurrence of fixed, conditional and mixed strategies, and matching rules, are discussed.     

Premating behavior and male discrimination inJaera ischiosetosa (Isopoda)

Summary Premating in females ofJaera ischiosetosa is statistically biased according to body size, to the size of males, to their physiological stage, and to their fertility irrespective of size. Most of these features are in agreement with the hypothesis of male discrimination between females.     

低海拔地区苹果枝人工栽培天麻研究初报

利用低海拔地区苹果树修剪下来的枝条，进行天麻人工栽培，既扩大了人工栽培天麻的适裁区，又开辟了新的菌材来源，为广大果农提供了又一条致富途径．为平川丘陵地区种植天麻提供了理论依据．对减少森林破坏，保护生态环境，有着突出的社会和经济效益．     

关于等距映射

H为内积空间，E包含H，如T是covE上的非膨胀映射，又设T是E上的等距映射，则T必是corE到TcovE的等距映射，还推广了M Edelstein发表在美国数学会刊上的结论。     

Discussions on the age of the Daohugou fauna—evidence from invertebrates

Volcanic tuff deposits near Daohugou village, Ningcheng County of Inner Mongolia have yielded many wellpreserved fossils. Here we briefly introduce our recent findings of invertebrates from the Daohugou fauna: mainly insects, conchostracans, anostracans, and spiders. The age of the Daohugou fauna is considered to be Middle Jurassic on the basis of an analysis of various invertebrates especially insects and conchostracans, showing strong similarities to the Yanliao fauna of north China and the Karatau fauna of Kazakhstan.     

依法治国,必须树立现代法律意识

树立现代法律意识对依法治国有重要意义。本文针对当代中国人法律意识的现状和基本矛盾,提出要树立现代法律意识必须树立公民对法律的依赖感;制定良法,确立公民的法律正义感;公正司法,培养公民对法律的信任感;加强法律教育,塑造公民现代法律观念。     

《白鹿原》——多种矛盾的复合体

《白鹿原》是多重矛盾的复合体,文本中的多重矛盾主要体现在:儒家文化和现代文明的矛盾冲突,儒家文化的优良传统和保守落后在西方现代文明的冲击下,可谓举步维艰;人物内心的矛盾冲突,文本通过人物内心的矛盾冲突使人物富有立体感和圆润感;叙事方式上的矛盾性,文本砸碎了传统现实主义直线式的叙事时间和作者万能的手段,使时间走向循环和作者退出叙事,文本还采用了民间理想和魔幻现实主义的叙事策略.     

内蒙古制造业技术创新效率评价

以内蒙古自治区第二次经济普查数据为研究基础,运用因子分析定权法,并建立数理模型,测算了内蒙古16个制造业行业的技术创新能效率。通过研究,16制造业行业技术创新效率排序。结论是:内蒙古制造业中,轻纺制造业的技术创新效率最高,资源加工业次之,机械电子制造业的创新效率最低。但制造业的技术创新效率仍有进一步改进的空间。     

内蒙古城镇用地扩展的区域特征及影响因素分析

城市的可持续发展离不开城镇用地的合理安排与布局优化.本文以2004—2014年内蒙古城镇土地利用数据为基础,对内蒙古自治区12个盟市城镇用地规模变化、分异特征及区域差异进行了定量化研究,并通过面板数据模型对城镇用地扩展的影响因素进行了估计.从规模变化上看,研究期间内蒙古城镇用地呈现出扩张的趋势,扩张幅度在不同时期具有明显的阶段性特点.从分异特征上看,内蒙古城镇用地总体综合变动指数为1.05,通过自然间断法划分剧变型、缓变型和稳定型3种变动类型,且中部区域的盟市变动相对剧烈并在空间上呈现出一定规模的集聚效应.从区域差异上看,内蒙古城镇用地扩展规模的总差异来源于区域内差异,而区域内差异主要是由东部盟市的差异所致.研究发现,受经济发展、城镇化水平和耕地资源禀赋等相关因素的驱动,内蒙古城镇用地扩展的区域差异较为显著,其中,东部和西部地区受人均耕地面积影响较大,而中部地区受人均GDP的影响较小.