White-spot disease of Chinese soft-shelled turtles （Trionyx sinens） caused by Paecilomyces iilacinus

Chinese soft-shelled turtles （Trionyx sinens） in culture farms using an artificial warming system in Zhejiang, China, often show typical signs of white-spot disease such as white spots on their bodies, skin lesions, anorexia and eventually death. The sick turtles were mostly 5-80 g in weight. A suspected fungal pathogen was isolated from the sick turtles and verified as Paecilomyces lilacinus by sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer （ITS） of its ribosomal DNA （rDNA）. Detailed morphological examinations were also conducted to confirm the white-spot disease.     

沥青混凝土路面早期病害成因分析与对策

阐述了沥青混凝土路面常见的早期病害现象——裂缝、水破坏、松散等,对病害的原因进行了分析,并从优化设计、加强施工管理和材料控制等方面,提出了沥青混凝土路面防治处理的一些措施,以期减少和避免类似病害的再发生,延长沥青混凝土路面的使用寿命,提高公路的使用性能和经济效益。     

Arboreality predicts Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection level in tropical direct-developing frogs

Pathogen-mediated changes in host behaviour can result from hosts altering their habitat preferences. Although infection risk with pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in amphibians is associated with environments favouring its growth, the relationship with microhabitat use has not been examined. Here, we aim to determine if microhabitats used by frogs during their nocturnal activity predict B. dendrobatidis prevalence and infection intensity. Our focal host, Eleutherodactylus coqui, is a habitat generalist that uses multiple habitats from the forest floor to the canopy. We analysed data on B. dendrobatidis occurrence in 157 adults and 122 juveniles at El Yunque National forest in Puerto Rico. We categorized each individual’s nocturnal microhabitat as forest floor, curled palm fronds in the floor, arboreal bromeliads and foliage or tree trunks 50 cm to 2.5 m above ground. We found that frogs on the forest floor had the greatest B. dendrobatidis prevalence (73%), compared with those active in vegetation above ground (55%). Overall, the probability of B. dendrobatidis infection in frogs using microhabitats on the forest floor was twice as great as for those on arboreal substrates. Differences in B. dendrobatidis prevalence and intensity in E. coqui may be explained by specific abiotic conditions of microenvironments (temperature and humidity) affecting both pathogen and host, and by the age-specific ecological requirements of hosts. Adults were found to be most active in microhabitats where individuals had lower infection burdens, suggesting pathogen-modulated habitat choice. This work has important implications for the evolutionary dynamics of enzootic diseases and provides data that may inform potential mitigation strategies against a generalist amphibian pathogen.     

HrpNEcc蛋白农药的中试生产条件和药效研究

将自行分离得到的HarpinEcc基因在大肠杆菌BL21中进行了表达,通过基因工程菌培养基配方的筛选实验,得到国产LB＋M9培养基为最适培养基;进行了7、80、250 L发酵罐的逐级放大实验,均得到1 g/L以上稳定的HrpNEcc蛋白表达量,为该蛋白质国产化、工业化发酵生产提供了坚实的中试依据;使用HrpNEcc干粉制剂处理6～8叶的大白菜幼苗、大白菜、紫甘蓝、马铃薯、胡萝卜、冬瓜、菊花和马蹄莲等蔬菜和花卉,观察了综合防病效果,均获得了较好的防治软腐病的效果.     

Scavenger receptor family proteins: roles for atherosclerosis, host defence and disorders of the central nervous system

In this review, we summarize the structure and function of the scavenger receptor family of proteins including class A (type I and II macrophage scavenger receptors, MARCO), class B (CD36, scavenger receptor class BI), mucinlike (CD68/macrosialin, dSR-CI) and endothelial (LOX-1) receptors. Two motifs have been identified as ligand-binding domains a charged collagen structure of type I and II receptors, and an immunodominant domain of CD36. These structures can recognize a wide range of negatively charged macromolecules, including oxidized low-density lipoproteins, damaged or apoptotic cells, and pathogenic microorganisms. After binding, these ligands can be either internalized by endocytosis or phagocytosis, or remain at the cell surface and mediate adhesion or lipid transfer through caveolae. Under physiological conditions, scavenger receptors serve to scavenge or clean up cellular debris and other related materials, and they play a role in host defence. In pathological states, they mediate the recruitment, activation and transformation of macrophages and other cells which may be related to the development of atherosclerosis and to disorders caused by the accumulation of denatured materials, such as Alzheimer's disease. Received 17 September 1997; received after revision 16 March 1998; accepted 17 March 1998     

手足口病型传染病的数学模型

将传染病流行区内的人群分成5类,根据人群之间的变化机制,应用动力学方法建立了含有潜伏期且在潜伏期、发病期和病愈期内均具有传染性的手足口病型传染病的数学模型.并在建立模型的基础上,讨论了手足口病模型的平衡点和稳定性,同时得出了阈值定理.     

实现冠心病普查系统GISCAD的进化模型

一般说来,专家系统的开发是一个知识获取的过程。本文首先介绍了我们开发的一个冠心病普查系统,并讨论了知识获取和系统进化等问题,说明了用于开发冠心病普查系统的进化模型。     

四川省邛崃市土鸭寄生虫病初步调查

临床剖检土鸭20只，通过体外及体内寄生虫检查，发现体外感染为阴性，体内寄生虫病中吸虫感染率较高，其中纤细背孔吸虫最高(45％)，感染强度大(3～57条)。并发现食道粘膜的毛细线虫卵感染率甚高(65％)，针对这些情况进行了分析，认为与本地的自然环境有着密切关系，从而为养殖户防治疾病提供依据。     

用系统工程的方法指导治疗多种慢性病的实践

在对患者进行病症系统分析和治疗方案选优的基础上,利用系统工程的理论和方法指导对罹患慢性疾病的病人进行了综合施治收到了显著效果     

Compensatory caspase activation in MPP+-induced cell death in dopaminergic neurons

Many have hypothesized that cell death in Parkinsons disease is via apoptosis and, specifically, by the mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway. We tested this hypothesis using a mouse dopaminergic cell line of mesencephalic origin, MN9D, challenged with the Parkinsonism-causing neurotoxin MPP⁺ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion). Apoptosis was the main mode of cell death when the cells were subjected to MPP⁺ treatment under serum-free conditions for 24 h. Caspase-3 and caspase-9, however, were not activated, thus indicating the existence of alternate or compensatory cell death pathway(s) in dopaminergic neuronal cells. Using caspase inhibitors, we demonstrated that these pathways involve caspase-2, –8, –6 and –7. A time-course study indicated that activation of caspase-2 and –8 occurred upstream of caspase-6 and caspase-7. Upon MPP⁺ challenge, the apoptosis-inducing factor was translocated from the mitochondria into the MN9D cytosol and nucleus. These results suggest the existence of alternative apoptotic pathways in dopaminergic neurons.Received 20 September 2004; received after revision 5 November 2004; accepted 22 November 2004