Retinoid X receptor activities of source waters in China and their removal efficiencies during drinking water treatment processes

There is increasing evidence of estrogenic activities of source waters and drinking waters in China based on estrogen receptors(ERs) testing.However,relating such activities to retinoid X receptors(RXRs) in both drinking and source waters are lacking.To rectify this situation,we assessed 23 source water samples from six major river systems in China.We also collected samples at various stages of water processing from three drinking water treatment plants(DWTPs) using a two-hybrid RXR yeast assay with and without metabolism.No RXR agonistic activity was observed,but significant antagonistic activity was detected in all sample extracts.The RXR antagonistic activities of source water sample extracts ranged from 15.2% to 57.8% without metabolism and 11.5% to 68.3% with metabolism,respectively.In the drinking water treatment processes,RXR antagonistic activities without metabolism and with metabolism of up to 31.4% and 37.5% were removed,respectively.Nevertheless,the remaining RXR antagonists in treated drinking water from these source waters could still be harmful to human health.To the best of our knowledge,the occurrence of in vitro RXR disruption activities in source and drinking water has not been previously reported in China.Therefore,an attempt was made to conduct detailed studies investigating RXR disrupting activities and their possible risks in source and drinking water.     

混合菌种发酵生产酱油的工艺研究

利用米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)和黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)混合接种,并在制曲后期混合添加嗜盐片球菌(Pediococus halophilus)和高渗酵母进行多菌种发酵生产酱油实验研究。结果表明,混合发酵的菌种最佳培养时间为36～40h,最佳发酵温度为45～48℃。米曲霉和黑曲霉的接种比为90%∶10%时,全氮利用率提高13.2%,氨基酸生成率提高6.8%。将成熟曲拌以10%的食盐水,在pH值为6.5的环境下,混合添加嗜盐片球菌和高渗酵母参与发酵可以提高酱油产品中的醇类含量和酸类含量,改进酱油的风味。     

Regulatory mechanisms involved in modulating RGS function

Regulator of G-Protein Signaling (RGS) refers to a conserved 120–125 amino acid motif that was first identified by its ability to negatively regulate G-Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR) signalling. Mechanistically, RGSs were found to regulate GPCR responses by binding to and stimulating the GTPase activity of the receptor-activated GTP-bound G α subunits. There are now over 25 mammalian RGSs containing proteins that are reported to carry out a variety of functions, many of which are unrelated to GPCR signalling. RGS proteins range in size from small proteins that contain little more than an RGS box to very large proteins that contain a variety of domains. The selectivity of function of the RGS proteins is attributable to the divergence of the RGS sequences as well as the presence of a variety of functional motifs, which allow them to interact with other proteins. Here we focus on the RGSs that are involved in modulating GPCR signalling by reviewing the diversity of the mechanisms involved in regulating these RGSs. Received 9 February 2006; received after revision 4 May 2006; accepted 22 May 2006     

酵母菌耐热性的最适热激条件研究

以安琪抗高温酵母菌YY为研究材料,采用30-48℃的不同温度和10～180min不同的时间对酵母菌进行热激诱导产生耐热性的研究,研究表明最适热激温度为42℃,最适热激时间为30min,产生耐热性后,在50℃处理的时间越长,活力越小,在酵母菌的不同生长时期,菌体达到一定的浓度后,耐热性的产生没有显著影响,从28℃升到热激温度42℃所需时间在30-240min内,时间越长产生的耐热性越强。     

饲料酵母工业的概况和展望

<正>本文对饲料酵母工业的现状,饲料酵母的饲养价值以及发展饲料酵母生产的重要性作了较全面的介绍。饲料酵母的饲养价值相当于鱼粉,大力发展饲料酵母工业是解决我国蛋白质饲料不足的有效途径。该文还就充分利用农、林业纤维废料、有机废液生产饲料酵母等问题提出了有关建议。     

木糖发酵菌株的筛选

本实验利用传统的方法从森林土样中分离筛选出一株能有效发酵木糖生产乙醇的酵母菌株。首先通过富集培养、初筛、复筛等步骤筛选出一株（1#菌株）能够利用木糖的酵母菌株,对其进行了生理生化性能指标试验,初步鉴定为假丝酵母菌（Candida sp.）。并对其进行了利用木糖发酵乙醇试验,实验结果表明：在培养温度为30℃,pH5.0,接种量为10％左右,初始木糖浓度为40g/L时,该菌株可以利用木糖发酵生产乙醇,产乙醇量为1.06g/100mL,相当于理论转化率的56.9%。     

50Hz极低频电磁场对酵母细胞生长和氧化应激的影响初探

探讨50 Hz极低频电磁场(extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields,ELF-EMF)暴露对酵母细胞的生长、细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平,以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)两种抗氧化酶活性的影响。测定酵母细胞在50 Hz 6 m T ELF-EMF暴露下的菌落形成数目和生长曲线,及ELF-EMF短期暴露(0.5、1、2 h)和长期暴露(6、12、24、96 h)对细胞内ROS水平,以及SOD和CAT活性的影响。实验结果表明,磁感应强度高达6 m T的ELF-EMF暴露下,酵母细胞的菌落形成数目和生长曲线没有发生显著变化(p0.05)。在暴露2 h内,ELF-EMF可显著提高细胞内ROS水平(p0.01);并显著影响酵母细胞内SOD或CAT活性(p0.05)。但暴露时间超过6 h后,酵母细胞内ROS水平、及SOD和CAT活性与对照组大致相同,没有发生显著变化。实验条件下ELF-EMF暴露对酵母的生长没有显著影响,在短期暴露(2 h内)中,可引起酵母细胞内氧化应激反应;但在长期暴露(6 h后)后,对氧化应激反应没有显著影响。     

菌藻共生系统处理污水的研究及应用前景

利用菌藻共生系统处理污水是一项资源化技术,也是净化水体富营养化的一个有效途径.文章主要介绍了菌藻共生系统净化水质的机理和国内外利用菌藻共生系统处理污水的研究成果,以及今后的发展趋势.     

毛细管电泳-安培法测定酵母菌中的RNA

报道了通过毛细管电泳-安培检测法测定腺嘌呤(A)和鸟嘌呤(G)来间接测定酵母菌中核糖核酸含量的方法.探讨了电极电位、运行缓冲溶液、分离电压及进样时间等对毛细管电泳分离-安培检测的影响,得到了较为优化的测定条件.在30 mmol/L 的硼酸盐缓冲液(pH 9.0)中,上述两组分可在18 min 内完全分离.腺嘌呤和鸟嘌呤的检测限分别为2.0×10^-7mol/L和1.7×10^-7 mol/L.该法具有较好的重现性和灵敏度,可以用于食品中酵母菌中核糖核酸的快速测定.