Hydrogenation of nanostructured semiconductors for energy conversion and storage

Nanostructured semiconductors have been researched intensively for energy conversion and storage applications in recent decades. Despite of tremendous find- ings and achievements, the performance of the devices resulted from the nanomaterials in terms of energy conversion efficiency and storage capacity needs further improvement to become economically viable for subsequent commercializa- tion. Hydrogenation is a simple, efficient, and cost-effective way for tailoring the electronic and morphological properties of the nanostructured materials. This work reviews a series of hydrogenated nanostructured materials was produced by the hydrogenation of a wide range of nanomaterials. These materials with improved inherent conductivity and changed characteristic lattice structure possess much enhanced per- formance for energy conversion application, e.g., photo- electrocatalytic production of hydrogen, and energy storage applications, e.g., lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. The hydrogenation mechanisms as well as resultant properties responsible for the efficiency improvement are explored in details. This work provides guidance for researchers to use the hydrogenation technology to design functional materials.     

取代胺烃基膦酸—磷酸氢锆载体及钯催化剂

制得17个N取代的胺甲基膦酸1a～f,2胺乙基膦酸2a～k.它们的无定形(胺烃基膦酸磷酸氢)锆载体Zr(HPO4)2-x[O3P(CH2)nNRR1]x·H2O3a～f,4a～k及其相应的钯催化剂5a～f,6a～k.用IR,TG,DTA和XPS对其进行表征.研究了钯催化剂5、6常压加氢活性的取代基影响并进行了讨论.结果表明,活性基团在载体表面的手柄增长有利于加氢反应的进行;N取代烃基体积增大增加空间位阻,催化加氢活性明显降低;N羟乙基取代显著降低催化加氢活性;胍基和氰乙基的引入形成了多龄配位,催化加氢活性均有增加     

Pd-Sn/吸附树脂催化剂催化氢化卤代硝基苯的选择性

研究了大孔聚苯乙烯系吸附树脂Ｄ３５２０负载的钯锡催化剂氢化卤代芳香硝基化合物的性能，分别考察了温度、溶剂、底物浓度等对其选择性的影响，并与文献值进行了比较．结果表明：原子比为０８的ＰｄＳｎ／Ｄ３５２０催化剂对氯硝基苯３种异构体的加氢，不仅活性高、反应条件温和，而且脱氯率较低．     

重油加氢VRDS废催化剂的环境影响分析及对策

用实验方法分析了重油加氢废催化剂中的污染物的特性及对环境的影响程度．通过水浸实验、用碳酸钠沉淀化合物实验以及废渣的淋溶实验研究了废催化剂中有害毒物的浸出方法．实验结果表明，为了控制废催化剂污染环境，在反应器中循环注水，再用碳酸钠沉淀出催化剂中的镍化合物，可用于回收镍．废水可直接排放掉，浸出的废渣送炉焚烧２４ｈ后装桶填埋掉．     

钯/载体催化剂上对氯硝基苯加氢反应的研究

研究了以 Ｐｄ／载体为催化剂时，Ｐｄ的浓度，载体的种类，以及 Ｐｄ与 ＳｎＯ结合后对于对氯硝基苯选择性氢化反应的影响。     

Effect of Cu on dehydrogenation and thermal stability of amorphous Mg-Ce-Ni-Cu alloys

The alloying element component is very crucial in improving the hydrogen storage performance of amorphous alloys.In this work,quaternary amorphous Mg_(70-x)Ce_(10)Ni_(20)Cu_x(x=3,7.5,10)alloys were prepared by meltspinning and the effect of Cu on hydrogenation and dehydrogenation were investigated in comparison with the Mg_(70-x)Ce_(10)Ni_(20)amorphous alloys.The initial hydrogenation kinetics of amorphous Mg_(70-x)Ce_(10)Ni_(20)Cu_x(x=0,3,7.5,10)was improved with the increase of Cu content according to the kinetics measured at a temperature below crystallization temperature.As hydrogen is absorbed,an amorphous-amorphous transition occurred,and relatively high Cu content would lead to phase separation in the hydrogenation process.Amorphous phase have much higher crystallization temperature after it absorbs hydrogen and the addition of Cu could increase the crystallization activation energy of amorphous hydrides.In addition,the increase of Cu content could reduce the dehydrogenation temperature of amorphous hydrides,which gives a significant indication for future improving research of the hydrogen desorption performance of Mg based amorphous hydrides.     

加氢催化剂酸性质研究

将溶剂法用于测定深色的加氢裂化和加氢处理催化剂的表面酸量及酸强度分布,并且用氨吸附-差热分析法进行了对照实验,发现两者有类似的酸强度分布曲线。用溶剂法考察了活性金属氧化物对催化剂酸性的影响,发现某些活性金属氧化物如NiO和WO_3自身没有强酸部位,却具有使无定形硅铝或含分子筛的酸性载体强酸量增加的能力。对照进行的吡啶吸附-红外光谱实验结果表明,活性金属氧化物使催化剂表面的Brosted酸量发生了与溶剂法所测得的强酸量有一定的相关关系的变化;用溶剂法测定了酸性组份(超稳Y型分子筛)含量不同的载体以及用这些载体制成的Ni-W催化剂的强酸量,发现溶剂法对试样酸性的变化反应灵敏。当载体含有45％(质量)超稳Y型分子筛时,加入Ni-W活性组份能使其强酸部位的增量达到最大。     

一种不饱和酮超临界加氢

讨论了不饱和酮－法尼基丙酮在CO2中的超临界加氢的影响因素，发现其较液相加氢大大减少了反应时间、反应温度、氢气压力，使实验操作更为方便。     

基于韦伯分布与RBI理论修正的加氢母站设备可靠性分析

针对目前氢损伤失效机理无法量化到失效概率中的问题,更加准确、全面的分析加氢母站设备可靠性,修正RBI理论进行加氢母站设备的可靠性分析,结合双参数韦伯分布、极大似然估计统计分析设备同类失效概率,针对加氢母站设备特有失效机理,创新性地提出氢损伤修正因子与其定量分析方法,整体探讨了加氢母站设备可靠性。结果表明：修正RBI理论的泄漏孔径分类、结合双参数韦伯分布与极大似然估计计算同类失效概率更符合实际工况;结合氢损伤修正因子可得出氢设备失效概率值,氢损伤修正因子敏感性分析表明,氢损伤修正因子对设备失效概率呈正相关,建议对氢设备应采取一些具体措施进行预防性维护,对加氢母站设备安全运营管理与预防决策有重要意义。     

镍基油脂加氢催化剂研究进展

介绍了镍基油脂加氢催化剂的研究现状,分别分析了制备方法、载体及不同元素对镍基催化剂性能的影响,并指出了镍基催化剂的发展方向.