Hydrogen peroxide protects tobacco from oxidative stress by inducing a set of antioxidant enzymes

Tolerance against oxidative stress generated by high light intensities or the catalase inhibitor aminotriazole (AT) was induced in intact tobacco plants by spraying them with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Stress tolerance was concomitant with an enhanced antioxidant status as reflected by higher activity and/or protein levels of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidases, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as an increased glutathione pool. The induced stress tolerance was dependent on the dose of H₂O₂ applied. Moderate doses of H₂O₂ enhanced the antioxidant status and induced stress tolerance, while higher concentrations caused oxidative stress and symptoms resembling a hypersensitive response. In stress-tolerant plants, induction of catalase was 1.5-fold, that of ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase was 2-fold, and that of guaiacol peroxidases was approximately 3-fold. Stress resistance was monitored by measuring levels of malondialdehyde, an indicator of lipid peroxidation. The levels of malondialdehyde in all H₂O₂-treated plants exposed to subsequent high light or AT stress were similar to those of unstressed plants, whereas lipid peroxidation in H₂O₂-untreated plants stressed with either high light or AT was 1.5- or 2-fold higher, respectively. Although all stress factors caused increases in the levels of reduced glutathione, its levels were much higher in all H₂O₂-pretreated plants. Moreover, significant accumulation of oxidized glutathione was observed only in plants that were not pretreated with H₂O₂. Extending the AT stress period from 1 to 7 days resulted in death of tobacco plants that were not pretreated with H₂O₂, while all H₂O₂-pretreated plants remained little affected by the prolonged treatment. Thus, activation of the plant antioxidant system by H₂O₂ plays an important role in the induced tolerance against oxidative stress. Received 11 December 2001; received after revision 25 January 2002; accepted 4 February 2002     

超导储能系统的研究现状及应用前景

 超导磁储能系统将电磁能存储在超导储能线圈中,具有反应速度快、转换效率高、快速进行功率补偿等优点,在提高电能品质、改善供电可靠性及提高大电网的动态稳定性方面具有重要价值。概述了超导储能系统的工作原理、研究现状及优缺点,并展望了其未来应用可能性及发展方向。     

广西森林土壤有机碳储量估算及空间格局特征

准确估算森林土壤有机碳库,研究其空间格局特征是陆地碳循环研究的关键与热点。利用森林资源连续清查样地资料,结合土壤剖面实测数据,估算广西森林土壤有机碳蓄积,分析不同经度、纬度、海拔的土壤有机碳密度的分布特征。研究结果表明:广西森林土壤有机碳 1 852.5 Tg,其中红壤和赤红壤土壤碳约占76.1%,是土壤有机碳储量的重要组成部分。广西森林土壤碳密度为12.13 kg/m²,碳密度低于全国平均水平,地带性土壤有机碳密度大小顺序为黄壤>红壤>赤红壤>砖红壤。森林土壤有机碳密度的空间分布总体上有北部高于南部、四周高于中部的规律。从三向地带性上看,碳密度均呈现出高—低—高的“U型”分布,有机碳密度低值区域主要是受岩溶地区的影响。     

盐水层中CO2扩散半径的计算方法

 CO₂地质埋存是温室气体资源化利用及减少大气温室气体排放的有效途径之一。在深部咸水层中实施CO₂地质埋存的减排处理,是减缓温室效应最有效的现实选择。针对CO₂在地下盐水层的埋存过程中,其超覆盐水层后存在渗漏和逃逸的风险,基于Buckley-Leverett驱油理论,研究并推导出CO₂对盐水层非活塞式驱动半径的计算公式,准确计算CO₂的扩散半径。计算结果表明,该计算式不仅可为CO₂盐水层封存的工程实践提供必要的理论依据,还为获得封存后存储介质中CO₂逸散风险的控制提供长期预测和数据的支持。     

林业资源数据集群的快速索引设计

设计一种快速索引以管理分布存储的林业资源数据, 通过大量独立数据节点共同负载数据请求, 减少数据访问过程的互斥, 实现了空间与属性数据的分布式存储并行访问. 实验结果表明, 基于目前的应用服务器集群, 应用该快速索引方法, 能以较低的改进成本提高整个数据集群的快速统计和更新能力.     

一种因子化的稀疏矩阵转置算法

在定义了二元组结构的基础上,对稀疏矩阵中非零元素的行、列坐标值进行因子化,以此实现了一种新的稀疏矩阵压缩存储结构.并在应用该压缩存储结构的基础上,提出了一种稀疏矩阵转置操作的改进算法.该算法较传统算法而言,在时间复杂度不变的前提下将空间复杂度降低了30％.     

不同贮藏方式对麻疯树种子生理特征的影响

本文分别采用室内常温贮藏、4℃冷藏、4℃沙藏、-20℃冷藏和-20℃沙藏5种方式,对麻疯树种子进行筘藏试验,并于贮藏前、贮藏1、2、3、4、5个月后测定不同贮藏条件下种子质膜透性,丙二醛含量,过氧化物酶活性和萌发特性的变化．结果表明,麻疯树种子出现明显的劣变现象,表现为质膜透性增大,丙二醛含量增加。过氧化物酶的活性降低．贮藏5个月后种子活力和发芽率均降低．5种处理中,贮藏效果最好的是4℃沙藏,其次是4℃冷藏,贮藏效果最差的是-20℃冷藏．     

面向态势回放的两种海量数据采集存储结构分析

首先描述了模拟系统的态势回放数据应包含的主要内容,归纳了对态势回放数据进行采集的基本要求,提出了采集态势回放数据的两种策略,即静态采集策略和动采集策略,并特别针对满足海量数据的采集需求,分别为这两种采集策略设计了对应的数据存储结构,即静态存储结构和动态存储结构,给出了这两种存储结构的应用算法,并进一步对它们的时空访问复杂度进行了定性和定量分析,最后给出了这两种存储结构的对比测试实验结果以及各自应用场合的建议。     

共晶盐低温蓄冷材料的实验

根据热力学原理筛选了适合工业低温相变蓄冷的共晶盐,并对其中的两种共晶盐进行了凝固和融解实验,通过实验分析了共晶盐的凝固点、融点、过冷度、相变过程中是否有相分层及热稳定性等热学性能.测试结果表明:这两种共晶盐都有望成为比较合适的低温蓄冷材料.