基于面积坐标的四边形杂交应力有限元方法

本文针对二维线弹性问题提出了一种基于面积坐标的新型杂交应力四边形有限元AGQ-LQ6. 该方法基于广义 Hellinger-Reissner 变分原理，位移逼近采用含内部位移的四节点广义协调元，应力逼近则采用九参数线性应力模式. 数值算例显示，本文构造的有限元既能保持面积坐标广义协调元对网格畸变不敏感及粗网格精度较高的优点，又能有效克服泊松闭锁现象.     

Effect of spark plasma sintering and reinforcements on the formation of ultra-fine and nanograins in AA2024-TiB2-Y hybrid composites

This study reports the influence of sintering mechanism and reinforcement materials on the formation of ultra-fine and nanograins in Al-TiB₂-Y nanohybrid composites. The mechanical properties of the composites and their corresponding micro and nanostructures are correlated. The experimental and characterization results revealed that despite the addition of TiB₂, the hard and brittle Al₃Ti phase formation in the composites was suppressed and hence, their ductility was retained. It was found that yttrium content of 0.3 ?wt% was the optimum amount which created advantageous spark plasma sintering conditions, and the addition of 0.3 ?wt% promoted the formation of bi-modal size grains (ultra-fine and nano) along with micro grains, Ω and other nano precipitates, resulting in a significant enhancement in the composite properties. The formation of ultra-fine and nanograins may be attributed to the combined effect of melting and rapid solidification at necking zones due to Joule's heating and thermo-mechanical fatigue. Among all the sintered composites, the highest hardness (137 HV), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) (496 ?MPa), yield strength (YS) (438 ?MPa) with 15.7% elongation were obtained in the sintered sample reinforced with 1.0 ?wt% TiB₂ and 0.3 ?wt% yttrium.