镉对大麦细胞分裂和染色体形态的影响

研究了不同浓度氯化镉溶液对大麦根的生长、细胞分裂和染色体形态的毒害效应。实验所用氯化镉浓度为０．５，１，３，５，７，１０，１５和２０ｐｐｍ。结果表明，随着镉浓度的增加和处理时间的延长，根的生长速率和有丝分裂指数递减。不同浓度的镉都能引起染色体畸变，包括Ｃ－有丝分裂，染色体桥和粘连，染色体断片以及微核等。恢复培养后根长和有丝分裂指数均有不同程度的增加，染色体畸变率降低。镉对大麦生长的抑制和毒害效应取决于镉浓度和处理时间。     

Further molecular evidence for the Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum in Tibet as ultimate progenitor of Chinese cultivated barley

106 aeeessions of Tibetan wild barley, including 50 accessions of the two-rowed wiht barley Hordeum vulgare ssp. sopntaneum （HS）, 27 accessions of the six-rowed bottle-shaped wild barley H. lagunculiforme （HL） and 29 accessions of the six-rowed wiht barley H. agriocrithon （HA） that separately represent different agrigeographical regions of Tibet, were used to study the genetic diversity and genetie differentiation using SSR markers selected from seven barley linkage groups. 229 allelic variants were identified with an average of 7.6 alleles/locus. The average of total number of alleles per locus in HA （6.4） is much higher than that in HS （3.9） and HL （3.4）. The genetie diversity and its standard deviation among the three subspecies were in the order of HS〉HL〉HA. Very significant genetic differentiation was observed among the three subspecies of wild barley. Comparisons of the results fiom this and previous studies showed a strong Oriental-Occidental differentiation of barley, and that Shannan region of Tibet might be the center of origin of the Tibetan two-rowed wild barley, thus supporting not only the hypothesis of a mono-phyletie origin of cultivated barley but also the proposition that the Tibetan two-rowed wild barley as ultimate progenitor of Chinese cultivated barley.     

野大麦组织培养及植株再生的研究

以野大麦成熟胚为外植体，接种于MS 2，4-D2．0mg／L KT0．2mg／L NAA0．5mg／L Su3％的培养基中，诱导愈伤组织；然后在培养基MS 2，4-D2．0mg／L KT0．2mg／L NAA1．0mg／L Su3％上进行继代培养，每次继代时间为20天左右；再用MS KT2．0mg／L NAA0．2mg／L Su1．5％进行分化，分化率达80％以上．     

光照对植物细胞姊妹染色单体交换的影响

文章研究了可见光诱导大麦根尖细胞姊妹染色单体交换频率（ＳＣＥｓ）增高的原因．ＤＮＡ分子渗入５’一一溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷（Ｂｒｄｕ）后，经可见光照射，可产生自由基，同时细胞的ＳＣＥ频率显著升高。能淬灭自由基的化合物如半胱氨酸和还原型谷胱甘肽部分地抵消了光照诱导产生的ＳＣＥｓ，而氧化型谷胱甘肽则无此作用，这证实光照可通过自由基诱导细胞ＳＣＥ频率增高。     

烟草和元麦叶肉原生质体吸收尼古丁机制的研究

用 EA_3-867纤维素酶分离的烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)和元麦(Hordeum distichon)叶肉原生质体,分别保温在尼古丁溶液中,用紫外分光光度计测定它们对尼古丁的吸收。结果表明,这两种原生质体能迅速地吸收尼古丁;原生质体吸收尼古丁的量,随介质尼古丁浓度的升高而增多;在生理学pH范围内,介质的pH对原生质体吸收尼古丁没有多大的影响。初步认为,这两种原生质体对尼古丁的吸收是一种简单的扩散机制。