释"唯(惟)"

对形如"唯君图之"之中的"唯",各种古汉语字词典及教材对其词性元有定论,本文通过对《史记》进行穷尽性分析,认为此种"唯"乃动词,义为希望.     

历史唯物主义与中国特色社会主义

历史唯物主义和中国特色社会主义有着内在联系:历史唯物主义命运与社会主义联系在一起;历史唯物主义为中国特色社会主义提供强大思想武器;中国特色社会主义坚持和发展了历史唯物主义;历史唯物主义与中国特色社会主义相互促进共同发展.     

论司马迁对历史档案学的贡献

司马迁学术成功之路与伟大人格 ,在历史文献编纂方面的首创精神和在文献编纂指导思想方面坚持朴素唯物论与辩证法 ,堪为档案工作者的光辉典范     

Historicity and explanation

Some scientific explanations are distinctively historical. The aim of this paper is to say what gives such explanations their historical character. A secondary aim is to describe what makes an explanation a stronger or weaker historical explanation. We begin with a critical discussion of John Beatty's and Eric Desjardins' work on historicity and historical narrative. We then offer an alternative account of historical explanation that draws on the work of earlier philosophers (Gallie, Danto, Mink, and Hull). In that alternative account, we highlight four features of narrative explanation that Beatty and Desjardins underemphasize: central subjects; historical trajectories; the idea that historical narratives are known retrospectively; and criteria for determining what is a stronger or weaker historical narrative.     

Narrative possibility and narrative explanation

Narratives are about not only what actually happened, but also what might have. And narrative explanations make productive use of these unrealized possibilities. I discuss narrative explanation as a form of counterfactual, difference-making explanation, with a demanding qualification: the counterfactual conditions are historically or narratively (not merely logically or physically) possible. I consider these issues in connection with literary, historical and scientific narratives.     

A second look at the colors of the dinosaurs

In earlier work, I predicted that we would probably not be able to determine the colors of the dinosaurs. I lost this epistemic bet against science in dramatic fashion when scientists discovered that it is possible to draw inferences about dinosaur coloration based on the microstructure of fossil feathers (Vinther et al., 2008). This paper is an exercise in philosophical error analysis. I examine this episode with two questions in mind. First, does this case lend any support to epistemic optimism about historical science? Second, under what conditions is it rational to make predictions about what questions scientists will or will not be able answer? In reply to the first question, I argue that the recent work on the colors of the dinosaurs matters less to the debate about the epistemology of historical science than it might seem. In reply to the second question, I argue that it is difficult to specify a policy that would rule out the failed bet without also being too conservative.     

论三种独特的科学理性方法

在科学方法的诸多门类中,思辨方法、历史方法、诠释方法是较少论及的三种独特的科学方法,它们属于理性方法的范畴。本文就它们的内涵、意义、在科学中的重要作用等分别加以阐述。     

从汉长陵的布局看吕后的历史功绩

汉长陵是西汉开国皇帝刘邦之陵墓。在长陵陵园内并置吕后的陵冢，这在西汉帝陵布局中是唯一的。从中可以窥见吕后在西汉初年为稳定和巩固西汉政权所做的重大贡献。吕后的历史功绩主要表现在：助刘邦诛杀异姓诸侯王，稳定了汉初的政局；刘邦死后，吕后继续执行刘邦在位时期的政策，保持了汉初政策的一贯性。     

《共产党宣言》对理解唯物史观的意义——由贾森·里德的误读所想到的

贾森·里德认为《宣言》关于资本主义生产方式的产生是目的论的，但是贾森·里德对《宣言》的解读是一个误读。《宣言》通过阶级集体这个主体性因素说明具体的所有制的变革来阐述了唯物史现的原理，突出了主体性因素在所有制变革过程中的地位和作用，从而澄清了贾森·里德的误读。     

始终保持先进性是马克思主义政党的本质要求

共产党由科学理论所武装,以人类历史上最先进的阶级作为它的物质基础,为全人类一直追求的美好目标而奋斗,因此,先进性是它与生俱来的本质特征。具体的共产党组织有没有先进性,要看他能不能不断满足人民群众的利益要求,能不能带领人民朝着人民向往的美好目标前进,能不能得到人民群众的拥护。“三个代表”既是无产阶级政党先进性的根本要求,也是无产阶级政党先进性的集中体现。共产党的先进性是历史的,在不同的历史时期,共产党必须从当时当地的实际情况出发,不断地解决现时的问题,才可能保持先进性。共产党的先进性也是具体的,它表现在具体地区、具体部门,具体的工作中,也从每一个共产党员的身上表现出来。因此,共产党员必须加强党性修养,学习和继承工人阶级的优秀品质,关键要确立坚定的共产主义理想和建设中国特色社会主义的信念,自觉地用“三个代表”重要思想武装头脑。