Soil oribatid mite (Acari: Oribatida) diversity and composition in semi-deciduous forest fragments in eastern Amazonia and comparison with the surrounding savanna matrix

We recorded species abundance and richness of oribatid mites along 16 plots established in semi-deciduous forest fragments in Amazonia. The results were compared with a published dataset consisting of an inventory carried out in 38 plots in the surrounding savanna. Totals of 143 and 91 species were recorded in the forest fragments and savanna, respectively. Sørensen similarity index between both environments was 0.44. Ordination of sites according to oribatid mite species composition showed a clear separation between forest fragments and savanna. Rostrozetes ovulum, Archegozetes longisetosus and Eohypochthonius (Eohypochthonius) becki were abundant and frequent in the forest fragments but exceedingly rare in the savanna. Neoppia (Neoppia) schauenbergi, Pseudoppia sp. C, Microppia sp. A and Cosmochthonius sp. A were limited to the savanna. This study also represents an early step toward knowing which groups of species are exclusive to one or another vegetation type or are sensitive to their inherent environmental conditions.     

路面热平衡过程中下沉式道路结构应力及影响因素的数值分析

以某下沉式道路为研究对象，运用有限元法分析了路面热平衡过程中道路结构的应力分布情况，以探讨道路结构可能发生破损的原因和位置，结构抗浮底板层的弹性模量和厚度，以及结构抗浮底板层中铺装钢筋配筋率及其铺装位置对其应力的影响.结果表明，在下沉式道路结构中，极有可能在连续配筋混凝土层的底部最先产生张开型（I型）裂缝，且结构抗浮底板层的厚度和铺装钢筋层位对I型裂缝的影响较大.     

主位推进与信息结构对英文写作的启示

英语专业学生英文写作中存在衔接性差的问题,通过对习作片段进行语篇分析,发现语篇之所以不连贯,是因为主位推进比较混乱,从而导致信息构建不清晰,文理不清。适当调整主位和信息结构可以提高语篇的连贯性和逻辑性。     

急倾斜煤层采空区结构特征GPR探测

急倾斜煤岩体结构和地质缺陷具有隐蔽性。历史性无序开采形成的采空区分布的不规则性严重影响安全开采。以神新小红沟煤矿急倾斜煤层开采区域空区分布规律预测与参数确定为目标。通过理论分析、GPR地面与地下立体联合探测,分析了+522水平B3和B6开采扰动范围内采空区结构特征。+522水平距五一煤矿巷道垂直距离约为35.0～35.5 m.B3巷1 214～1 232m范围内空区覆岩破坏严重,多处出现破碎区。空区下部近似椭圆,上部似半椭球体结构,且空区已联通。1 232～1 250 m范围空区及覆岩破坏严重,局部区域积水量大,为现场开采设计与灾害防治提供科学依据。     

不合理装修对结构受力性能的影响

针对当前建筑装修中常见的不合理的装修现象,如拆墙扩洞、开槽布线、封闭阳台、楼面加载等,分析了出现的原因和对建筑结构整体性及抗震性产生的不利影响,提出了预防不合理装修的几点措施。     

Sedimentation processes and sedimentary characteristics of tidal bores along the north bank of the Qiantang Estuary

A tidal bore is a unique Earth surface process, characterized by its highly destructive energy, predictable periodicities and magni-tudes, and the production of characteristic sedimentary features. Tidal bores and associated rapid flood flows are highly turbulent flows of the upper-flow regime with a velocity over several meters per second. Reynolds (Re) and Froude (Fr) numbers, respectively, are larger than 104 and 1.0, making them significantly different from regular tidal flows but analogous to turbidity currents. Until now, understanding of tidal-bore depositional processes and products has been limited because of the difficulty and hazards involved with gauging tidal bores directly. The Qiantang bore is known as the largest breaking bore in the world. Field surveys were carried out in May 2010, along the north bank of the Qiantang Estuary to observe the occurrence of peak bores, including regular observations of current, water level and turbidity at the main channel. Several short cores were sampled on the intertidal flats to study the characteristic sedimentary features of tidal bores. Hydrodynamic and sedimentological studies show that the processes of sediment resuspension, transport and deposition are controlled primarily by the tidal bores, and the subsequent abruptly accelerated and decelerated flood flows, which only account for one tenth of each semidiurnal tidal cycle in the estuary. Tidal-bore deposits are generally poorly sorted because of rapid sedimentation after highly mixed suspension by intense turbulence. This behavior is characteristic of the absence of tractive-current depositional components in a C-M diagram. It also goes along with well-developed massive bedding, graded bedding, basal erosion structures, convolute bedding and dewatering structures. Together, these sedimentary features can constitute fingerprinting of turbidites, widely distributed in the deep-water environment. However, a tidal bore is triggered by intensely deformed tidal waves propagating into a shallow-water environment, which returns to regular tidal flows rapidly after the passage of the bore head. The tidal-bore deposits are usually bounded by the intertidal-flat deposits with typical tidal beddings at the top and on both flanks. The difference between tidal-bore deposits (TBD) and tidal sandy/muddy deposits (TSD/TMD) is evident not only in sedimentary structures, but also in the grain-size composition. They can be clearly distinguished in grain-size bivariate plots, typically the plot of mean grain size vs. standard deviation (or sorting). Some trend variations generally exist in mean grain size with TBD>TSD>TMD, sorting with TMD>TBD>TSD (larger value indicating poorer sorting), and both skewness and kurtosis with TSD>TBD>TMD. These findings will undoubtedly shed new light on our understanding of tidal-bore sedimentology, ancient tidal-bore sedimentary facies and environments, and related oil-and-gas field prospecting.     

从人本思想的发展看先秦史书编撰的变化

人本思想的演进和发展是中国社会发展中的重要问题。作为时代的缩影，各代史书的编撰中必然渗透了当时人本思想的流变，暗含撰史者对当世的理解与阐释。先秦是中国古代人本思想发展的重要时期，以人本思想发展为线索反观该时段史书编撰的变化，能够更加深入地体会中国古代史家独特的历史见解和以人为重的史学传统。     

水合鸢尾异黄酮磺化物[K（H2O）]（C17H13O6SO3）的合成及晶体结构

目的 合成一种新的水溶性水合鸢尾异黄酮磺化衍生物[K(H2O)](C17H13O6SO3),并确定其分子结构.方法 在60 ℃条件下用浓H2SO4磺化30 min,得到尼泊尔鸢尾异黄酮磺化物,并用体积比为 1/1 的乙醇-水溶液培养单晶,采用X-射线四圆衍射、IR和元素分析等方法表征其结构.结果 和结论将尼泊尔鸢尾异黄酮在60 ℃用浓硫酸磺化,高选择性地在底物B环的3′位引入一个磺酸基,合成了水溶性尼泊尔鸢尾异黄酮衍生物,产率为82%.该合成方法简单,反应条件温和,选择性高,产物容易分离,且产率较高,是合成标题化合物一种理想的方法.X-射线晶体结构表明该化合物属于单斜晶系,空间群P21m,晶胞参数a=0.835(4) nm,b=0.728(3) nm,c=3.000(14) nm,β = 96.09(7)°,V=1.814(15) nm3,Dc=1.650 g·cm-3,Z=4.在化合物的晶体结构中, 相邻的钾离子之间被O6,O7和O8桥链形成聚八面钾离子链.此外,化合物中还存在多个氢键,这使化合物自组装成一个三维网格结构的超分子.     

山西农业生产结构的合理化研究

农业生产结构是一个多层次、多方面、多阶段的复杂的动态经济系统。本项研究借助于著名的罗伦茨曲线模型来提出一个数学定量指标和计算方法，以此来判断山西农业生产结构的合理化程度，并分析原因提出了相关的建议。