石墨烯复合材料电热除冰实验研究

石墨烯复合材料因其优良的导电性和高导热性,在各个领域均得到了广泛的关注。为研究石墨烯加热膜在电热除冰上的应用,通过实验比较石墨烯和电阻丝作为加热元件时的温升速率;将加热元件制备成可用于电热除冰的加热膜,在相同加热功率下验证两者的发热均匀性;根据自行搭建的电热除冰实验台,研究不同热流密度和结冰温度对石墨烯加热膜除冰效果的影响。实验结果表明：单纯的石墨烯加热元件比电阻丝升温速率快,由石墨烯作为加热元件制备而成的加热膜发热更加均匀;随着热流密度的不断增加,石墨烯加热膜除冰时间越短,效果越好;结冰温度越低,除冰时间越长。验证了石墨烯可以作为一种理想的加热膜材料应用于电热除冰领域。     

地铁列车着火后在隧道内行驶的安全速度的实验研究

地铁列车着火后在隧道内行驶的安全性对隧道列车火灾的应急救援有非常重要的影响。列车着火后的行驶速度是决定其安全性的关键因素。由于客观原因,难以进行全尺寸试验,故在1:8的隧道模型内设置相同比例的列车模型,进行列车火灾模型实验。原型火灾热释放速率为0510 MW,在模型上加入经过相似变换的荷载,采用正庚烷为燃料,利用变频风机提供的流场模拟列车在隧道中运动的流场。通过测定在不同的行驶速度、着火部位及火源位置的条件下,风速与火灾热释放速率的关系、火焰扩展和烟气蔓延规律、列车周围的温度场以及火灾烟气逆流情况,研究并提出了着火列车在隧道内行驶的最佳速度,为隧道列车火灾的研究和防治提供了一定参考。     

气需求侧管理的可行性分析

根据燃气冬夏用气量的季节性变化,结合燃气空调与燃气发电的发展现状,分析推行燃气需求侧管理的可行性,为良好的城市能源生态建设提供一条可持续发展之路。     

基于Flotherm的感应加热的散热设计

电磁感应加热在锻造、热处理、熔炼等方面得到了广泛的应用,在大功率电磁感应加热系统中,散热是影响系统稳定运行的重要因素之一。对此在分析电磁感应加热系统中的热源与热损耗的基础上,运用仿真的方法对系统中的热损耗进行了估算。在对散热系统中的散热器和风机进行了设计之后,结合热损耗的估算结果,用热仿真软件Flotherm对散热系统进行了仿真。最后通过实验验证了这种设计方法的可行性。     

注入温度对火箭动力复合热载体吞吐效果影响

针对大庆萨北过渡带,在模拟实际油藏条件下开展复合热载体吞吐室内试验研究。结果表明：该油田进行复合热载体吞吐可取得较好的开采效果。复合热载体吞吐中,随着注入温度增加,采收率、含水率增加,生产油气比降低。第3周期开始当温度达到280℃后,采收率开始下降;随着吞吐周期增加,采收率、含水率增加,生产油气比变化不大。三个周期后采收率、含水率降低,生产气油比增加。通过不同吞吐温度、五个周期的吞吐效果比较,复合热载体注入280℃的吞吐效果比较好,吞吐3周期。     

Microstructure and heat treatment for Ni3Al-based single crystal alloy with different crystal orientations

Ni₃Al-based single crystal alloy IC6SX with different crystal orientations were prepared by seed crystal method. The microstructure and heat treatment of the alloy were investigated. The results showed that the microstructure of the alloy was in dendrite structure, and the crystal orientation had significant effect on the dendrite morphology of this alloy. The precipitated phases of (MoNi)₆C and NiMo appeared in the microstructure of the three alloys with different crystal orientations during solidification process. Compared with other two alloys, the volume fractions of precipitated phases of both (MoNi)₆C and NiMo was the most in the alloy with [111] orientation and the least in the alloy with [001] orientation. The solidus and liquidus temperatures of the alloy IC6SX tested by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were 1356 °C and 1387 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, the effect of different solution temperatures on the microstructure of the alloy with different orientations was studied. The results showed that the precipitated phases of (MoNi)₆C and NiMo were eliminated with the solid solution treatment under the condition of 1300 °C/10 h. However, the incipient melting of the alloys occurred due to the dissolution of low melting point phases. As the temperature dropped to 1280 °C, the area of incipient melting in the alloy with different orientations decreased gradually. However, there was no incipient melting appearing in the three alloys with different orientations when the solution treatment temperature dropped to 1260 °C.     

Analysis of contact melting around a horizontal elliptical cylinder heat source

The process of AT-driven contact melting of the solid phase change material （PCM） around a horizontal elliptical cylinder heat source is analyzed. Aiming at the problem existed in the published literature, namely the thickness of boundary layer tends to be infinite at φ = 90°, and considering the difference of normal angle between the horizontal elliptical cylinder surface and the solid-liquid interface of PCM, a new mathematic model is proposed, and the fundamental equations for the melting process are derived with the film theory. The new pressure distribution inside the boundary layer, the variation law of normal angle of the solid-liquid interface, the thickness of the boundary layer and the relationship between the melting velocity and resultant force are obtained. The solutions of the fundamental equations under different elliptical compression coefficients are analyzed and discussed. It is found that the thickness of the boundary layer obtained by the new model is a finite value and accords with the experimental result at φ = 90°.     

The optimization model of the heat conduction structure

An optimization model considering a novel thermal performance index to be the objective function is proposed for minimizing the highest temperature in this paper. Firstly, the performance of the conventional heat conduction optimization model, with the dissipation of heat transport potential capacity as the objective function, is evaluated by a one-dimensional heat conduction problem in a planar plate exchanger. Then, a new thermal performance index, named the geometric average temperature, is introduced. The new heat conduction optimization model, with the geometric average temperature as the objective function, is developed and the corresponding finite element formula is presented. The results show that the geometric average temperature is an ideal thermal performance index and the solution of the new model is close to the theoretical optimal solution.     

热核下界估计的一类推广

主要利用分析、概率和随机过程的方法,研究热核下界估计的条件和估计式.用γ-链条件作为中点性质的推广,得到了局部紧度量空间上热核下界估计更容易满足和验证的条件以及热核下界估计式.     

热泵技术基本分析及农业工程应用

热泵技术是高效供热供冷的节能环保技术,当前其农业工程领域主要在农业环境调控与干燥场合,开发应用潜力巨大。文章以技术功能、技术形式、应用形式以及应用领域等方面及其相互影响作基本依据,在热泵技术基本分析基础上,进行了热泵技术的农业工程应用分析。文章强调应用场合的拓展、可再生能源与被动式系统应用以及优化设计等方面的基本分析,并讨论应用重点方向与内容。