CRITICAL BIRTH ORDER RATIO CONTROL AND ATTAINABLE SET OF A DISCRETE AGE－DEPENDENT PARITY PROGRESSION POPULATION SYSTEM

ＣＲＩＴＩＣＡＬＢＩＲＴＨＯＲＤＥＲＲＡＴＩＯＣＯＮＴＲＯＬＡＮＤＡＴＴＡＩＮＡＢＬＥＳＥＴＯＦＡＤＩＳＣＲＥＴＥＡＧＥ－ＤＥＰＥＮＤＥＮＴＰＡＲＩＴＹＰＳＯＧＲＥＳＳＩＯＮＰＯＰＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＳＹＳＴＥＭＧＵＯＢａｏｚｈｕ（Ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆ...     

Population dynamics of the bark-dwelling spider Eustala perfida Mello-Leitão, 1947 (Araneidae)

Population dynamics of spiders may vary according to biotic and abiotic factors. We studied the phenology of the bark-dwelling spider Eustala perfida over a two-year period and investigated how temperature, precipitation, and prey availability were associated with the population of this species. The population of E. perfida presented a well-defined fluctuation, with one reproductive cycle per year. The recruitment of spiders occurred in summer, followed by successive phenological peaks at all stages of development. The species is protogynic, and the population of adult males peaks in the cold/dry season, indicating a winter mature phenological pattern. The diet of E. perfida is composed mainly of medium-sized homopterans, complemented by small dipterans and hymenopterans. We found that the higher abundance of spiders occurred two months after the highest values of precipitation and temperature, and three months after the higher abundance of potential prey items. These results indicate that spiders require time to respond to changes in environmental conditions. The species’ natural history and the structure of the trunks in which it lives may also affect the number of individuals in a particular area and over time.     

Unusual geographic pattern of interpopulation variation in a spring snail Bythinella (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia)

Allozyme polymorphism, mean gene diversity, and a variety of pairwise genetic distances, theta and Nm were analysed for 20 populations of the spring snail Bythinella from Central Europe. Pairwise Mahalanobis' distances for morphological characters and geographic distances were also computed. Contrary to prior assumptions, the level of polymorphism was considerable, and correlations were found to be statistically significant between the genetic and geographic distances, as well as between Mahalanobis' and geographic distances. The present high level of isolation of local populations of the previously amphibious and continuously distributed snail is postulated to be due to a shift in climate and in the snail's habitat preference.     

生命教育视角下的流动人口社会工作实践研究

在生命教育理论指导下，以昆明市M社区流动妇女为研究对象开展的社会工作实践研究，目的是提升流动妇女家庭教育意识，拓展流动妇女家庭教育能力，促进流动人口子女及其家庭实现生命质量的提升以及生命价值的实现。实践重点是围绕流动人口自然生命和精神生命两个维度而开展的社会工作实务探索，并成功的将性健康教育、爱的教育、艾滋病防治教育、心理健康教育等内容有效整合。     

桂西壮族入赘婚俗探因

从招赘、入赘的动机和为何能够长期延续的角度分析入赘婚流行的原因是有价值的，可是不能从根本上揭示形成入赘婚俗的真正原因。其实桂西壮族流行入赘婚俗的主要原因有四：地旷人稀、人口密度小，血缘组织不严密，女多男少的性别比，男女关系的平等无嫌。其中的人口密度和血缘组织关系两个原因是桂西壮族入赘婚俗流行的最关键的起决定作用的要素。     

Trade-offs in model-building: A more target-oriented approach

In his 1966 paper “The Strategy of model-building in Population Biology”, Richard Levins argues that no single model in population biology can be maximally realistic, precise and general at the same time. This is because these desirable model properties trade-off against one another. Recently, philosophers have developed Levins’ claims, arguing that trade-offs between these desiderata are generated by practical limitations on scientists, or due to formal aspects of models and how they represent the world. However this project is not complete. The trade-offs discussed by Levins had a noticeable effect on modelling in population biology, but not on other sciences. This raises questions regarding why such a difference holds. I claim that in order to explain this finding, we must pay due attention to the properties of the systems, or targets modelled by the different branches of science.     

统计学方法在分析化学中的应用──用自助法估计样品平均数

以实例讨论了自助法的原理和方法，表明用该法在指导生产和科学试验方面可以节省时间和降低费用，是一个有推广价值的好方法。     

考虑年龄结构的女性模型

本文提出一种考虑年龄结构的离散人口模型，并进一步讨论这种模型的性质及其应用。     

论邓小平人口思想的特点

邓小平人口思想十分丰富，具有显著的特点。邓小平同志坚持一切从实际出发，立足中国现实，运用辨证思维，从战略高度实事求是地认识、分析我国人口问题，把人口多作为我国最重要的国情，特别是他把人口问题放在国民经济发展的全局中来考察、处理，首次提出“人均”概念，是其人口思想中最具特色的内容。弄清邓小平人口思想的特点，对我国人口与计划生育实践有重大指导作用。