The role of apolipoprotein E in lipid metabolism in the central nervous system

The critical roles of apolipoprotein E (apoE) in regulating plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels have been extensively studied for over 2 decades. However, an understanding of the roles of apoE in the central nervous system (CNS) is less certain. This review will summarize the available experimental results on the role of apoE in CNS lipid homeostasis with respect to its modulation of sulfatide trafficking, alteration of CNS cholesterol homeostasis and apoE-induced changes in phospholipid molecular species in specialized subcellular membrane fractions. The results indicate that apoE mediates sulfatide trafficking and metabolism in the CNS. Moreover, although apoE does not affect the cholesterol mass content or the phospholipid mass levels and composition in the CNS as a whole, apoE modulates cholesterol and phospholipid homeostasis in selective subcellular membrane compartments. Through elucidating the roles of apoE in CNS lipid metabolism, new insights into overall functions of apoE in neurobiology can be accrued ultimately, leading to an increased understanding of CNS lipid metabolism and the identification of novel therapeutic targets for CNS diseases.Received 9 January 2004; received after revision 28 February 2004; accepted 10 March 2004     

SWAP-70在小鼠正常动情周期和围植入期子宫中的表达及其调节

SWAP-70是鸟苷酸交换因子家族成员之一，是PI3K介导的酪氨酸磷酸化受体下游通路的信号分子之一. 以往的研究及我们的前期工作初步表明它在小鼠子宫和恒河猴胚胎植入位点有高表达，提示此分子可能参与了胚胎植入的调节. 为此，本研究在小鼠模型中，采用原位杂交、免疫组化和半定量RT-PCR方法，系统地研究了SWAP-70在妊娠初始期胚胎植入位点、妊娠期子宫和动情周期子宫中的表达及其受雌、孕激素的调节. 结果表明SWAP-70在植入位点有非常显著的高表达，其mRNA和蛋白分布于胚泡以及对系膜侧的腔上皮细胞和临近胚泡的子宫基质细胞，而在非植入位点表达强度很弱；在妊娠第7天和第9天的母胎界面上，滋养层巨细胞、迷走滋养层和海绵滋养层都维持较强的SWAP-70表达；正常动情周期中，SWAP-70在动情期子宫中表达明显上调；卵巢切除模型显示雌激素显著上调SWAP-70的表达，孕激素能够阻断雌激素的作用. 以上结果提示，SWAP-70可能参与胚胎植入过程中多种细胞行为的调节，如胚泡黏附、基质细胞的增殖与蜕膜化以及滋养层细胞的浸润和分化过程，同时在动情周期子宫内膜细胞功能调控中发挥一定作用.     

Heat shock protein gene expression during embryonic development of the zebrafish

Heat shock genes exhibit complex patterns of spatial and temporal regulation during embryonic development of a wide range of organisms. Our laboratory has been involved in an analysis of heat shock gene expression in the zebrafish, a model system which is now utilized extensively for the examination of early embryonic development of vertebrates. Members of the zebrafish hsp47, hsp70 and hsp90 gene families have been cloned and shown to be closely related to their counterparts in higher vertebrates. Expression of these genes has been examined using Northern blot and whole mount in situ hybridization analyses. Both the hsp47 and hsp90 genes are expressed in a highly tissue-restricted manner during normal development. The data raise a number of interesting questions regarding the function and regulation of these heat shock genes during early zebrafish development.     

Developmental control of heat shock and chaperone gene expression Hsp70 genes and heat shock factors during preimplantation phase of mouse development

Heat shock genes are found in all organisms, and synthesis of heat shock proteins is induced by various stressors in nearly all the cells forming these organisms. However, a particular situation is noticed for hsp70 genes in mouse embryos at the beginning of their development. First, spontaneous expression of hsp70 is observed at the onset of zygotic genome activity. Second, inducible expression is delayed until morula or early blastocyst stages. A better understanding of both these points depends on a more careful analysis of hsp70 expression in relation to their major regulators, the heat shock factors. In this review, we will see how the development of the preimplanta tion embryo highlights the complexity of heat shock gene regulation involving trans-cis interactions and the cellular and nuclear environment.     

C60甲苯溶液自然结晶的研究

用ＳＥＭ研究了纯Ｃ６０和Ｃ６０／Ｃ７０混合物的甲苯溶液在硅片上自然结晶的形态．结果表明纯Ｃ６０结晶遵循晶面淘汰律，Ｃ７０影响Ｃ６０结晶的形态，Ｃ６０／Ｃ７０混合物的结晶与纯Ｃ６０结晶有较大的差异．用溶液逐次结晶，制备１ｍｍ量级的Ｃ６０晶体，并进行了Ｘ射线劳厄相分析，证明该晶体是单晶     

利用紫外－可见吸收光谱同时定量分析C＿（60）和C＿（70）

利用紫外可见吸收光谱通过卡尔曼滤波定量分析Ｃ＿６０和Ｃ＿７０法混合物中的Ｃ＿（６０）和Ｃ＿（７０）浓度，其相对误差不超过２％。     

The Studies of the Welding Processes and Procedures on the West-East Pipeline Project

The West-East pipeline project attracted the attention from all over the world for its long distance, huge diameter, complex geographic conditions, and diversified welding techniques being applied. In this paper the detail welding process and procedures used in the project are discussed and the distinguished achievements on welding techniques of China pipeline construction are described.     

一种高效免疫佐剂热休克蛋白gp96的酸性区和两侧中间区对其N端构象及多肽结合能力的调节作用

gp96(glucose-regulated protein,GRP94)是热休克蛋白90家族(HSP90 family)中的一员.由于其在维持内质网蛋白中间过渡态的空间构型以及免疫反应中有重要作用,因此近年来被作为分子伴侣蛋白和免疫佐剂引起广泛关注,但是关于gp96生物功能的彻底阐明还将依赖于对其结构的深入研究.在试验中我们构建了不同的gp96片段,旨在寻找gp96的重要功能区.通过凝胶分子筛和EGS交联实验,发现gp96中间酸性区可以调节gp96 N端的寡聚化状态;而固相ELISA实验显示,包含中间酸性区的N端重组蛋白与肽的结合有高度饱和性,这些结果表明中间酸性区对gp96的寡聚化以及多肽结合能力有内在的调节作用.这一研究对gp96生物功能的阐明以及临床应用提供了理论基础.