关于康有为著《大同书》"倒填年月"的商榷

康有为撰著《大同书》“倒填年月”问题,是近半个世纪以来的一桩学术公案。攻之者说有,辩之者说无,聚讼纷纭,莫衷一是。近年有人写了大量文章和专著,企图钉死康有为撰写《大同书》作伪。否定《大同书》的民主性与进步性。但事实上,《大同书》的写作过程是漫长而清晰的,所谓《大同书》“倒填成书年月”一说,纯属无中生有的不实之词,它不仅制造了一桩学术“冤案”,而且长期误导了对《大同书》的正确理解和评价。《大同书》是中华民族的优秀文化遗产,康有为构想的“大同世界”,其美妙程度不亚于西方人虚构的“乌托邦”和“太阳城”,代表一个时代的理论思维方式,是一种历史的产物,无端指责《大同书》“倒填年月”是一种民族文化虚无主义的学术倾向。     

贵州2种负蝗核型和C—带的比较研究

研究了短额负蝗AtractomorphasinensisI .Bol.和云南负蝗AtractomorphayunnanensisBietXia的核型和C—带。结果表明 :2种负蝗的染色体数目均为 2n(♂ ) =18+XO =19,全部为端部着丝粒染色体 :核型公式 2n(♂ ) =2X =19t ,NF =19,都属“4B”核型 ,按相对长度 ,它们的染色体都可分成L ,M 2组 ,都具有着丝粒C带。云南负蝗后期Ⅰ染色体组绝对长度总和 (4 9 91± 0 37μm)比短额负蝗的 (4 2 5 0± 0 34 μm)长 ;但结构异染色质总量 (2 8 38± 0 2 2 % )却比短额负蝗的 (38 96± 0 16 % )少。     

长城与中国文化地理

中国古代历史上各个朝代兴筑的长城，都具有区分文化地理的意义，即将农业为主的文化与游牧为主的文化人为地割裂开来。农业民族建立的政权这样做了，游牧民族建立的政权同样也有这样的举措。而且还出现了“塘泊”、“金界壕”等不同特色的长城。随着长城的南移和北移，中国的文化地理也相应地出现了变化，各种文化的交流也呈现南来北往的反复过程。中国古代民族融合过程中各种独特的现象的出现也与这种文化地理的变迁有关。     

关于人工巢箱内大山雀窝卵数的探讨

2004—2006年的3—7月,通过人工招引的方法对大山雀的窝卵数进行了研究.研究表明:人工巢箱内繁殖的大山雀的常见窝卵数为10—12枚,平均窝卵数为10.24±1.87枚(n=157巢),卵重为1.47±0.12克(n=484枚),卵大小为1.646±0.063cm×1.287±0.045cm(n=484枚).卵重差异显著(P<0.05),卵长径无显著性差异(P>0.05),卵短径差异显著(P<0.05).此研究方法为其它鸟类窝卵数的研究提供了一种参考.     

论清代走西口对内蒙古西部社会发展的贡献

走西口是一种大规模的社会实践活动，推动了清代内蒙古西部地区农业的发展，减少了蒙古族人民对单一的游牧经济的依赖性；加快了蒙古草原与内地经济的一体化，促进了商业的繁荣和重要城镇的形成；也沟通了草原文化与内地文化的联系，丰富和发展了内蒙古西部文化艺术。     

Obtaining the best possible predictions of habitat selection for wintering Great Bustards in Cangzhou,Hebei Province with rapid machine learning analysis

Great Bustards （Otis tarda dybowskii） are one of the world＇s heaviest flying birds, occupying grassland hab- itats in Eastern Asia. Our study is located at the most eastern Chinese wintering site in Cangzhou, Hebei Province, where approximately 100 individuals are concentrated in a small area （17.53 km2）. Solid information is still lacking about the wintering areas for this subspecies in its eastern range and specifically for China. The study area consists of intensely used farmland in proximity to humans and is lacking con- servation areas and wild, open fields. Here, we present our results from two years of field data collection on habitat selection. We choose a machine learning model approach based on a rapid assessment methodology for the winter habitat of the Great Bustard. It is based on a spatial analysis of the best available environmental data, which were col- lected relatively quickly. These relatively new methods in ecology are based on an ensemble of decision trees and include algorithms such as TreeNet, Random Forest and CART used in parallel. In this study, we collected bustard droppings （presence only） from 48 locations between December 2011 and January 2012 and used the sites as training data. Droppings from 23 locations were collected in November 2012, and those sites were used as test data. We used eight environmental variables as predictor layers for the response variable of bustard presence/availability. We employed a Geographic Information System （ArcGIS 10.1and Geospatial Modelling Environment） and Google Earth. Compared with the other three models, we found that pre- dictions from Random Forest obtained a significant differ- ence between presence and absence. According to this model, the three most important factors for wintering Great Bustards are distance to residential area, distance to water pools, and farmland area. Our model shows that wintering Great Bustards prefer locations that are over 400 m away from residential areas, within 900 m of water pools and on areas o     

大鸨的濒危机制及保护对策

基于大鸨(Otis tarda)的一系列野外研究数据,从内因和外因两个方面探讨了大鸨的濒危机制,并提出相应保护对策.大鸨的濒危内因主要体现为繁殖力低下、变通性差和行为表现上的神经质;外因主要体现在人为干扰和破坏上,人为无节制的活动导致大鸨繁殖成功率下降、生境片断化和生境质量退化.因此提出保护对策如下:严格控制并约束草原上的人为活动,尽可能保证大鸨栖息生境的优质化和完整化;加强人工繁殖及野化实验,壮大野生种群.     

大兴安岭柴河白音高老组流纹岩锆石U-Pb定年及成因探讨

为了研究大兴安岭中段柴河地区白音高老组流纹岩的形成时代和岩石成因,进行了锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测试和地球化学研究.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,白音高老组流纹岩形成于年龄为129~137 Ma的早白垩世.岩石地球化学研究表明,白音高老组流纹岩具有高硅富碱、贫钙镁的特征;稀土丰度总量m(∑REE)=121.35×10-6~194.92×10-6,轻重稀土分馏明显,m(La)/m(Yb)N=12.2~21.7,Eu负异常(δ_(Eu)=0.39~0.61),微量元素以富集Rb,Ba,Th,K,亏损Nb,Sr,P,Ti为特征;白音高老组流纹岩原始岩浆来源于上地壳岩石的部分熔融.