Extension of Rough Set on Granular Structures and Axiomatic Characterizations

<正>In granular computing granular structures represent knowledge on universe,in this paper several important granular structures are considered.In a general granular structure the notions of interior point, accumulation point and boundary point etc are proposed,by use of these notions and referring to topological method,the lower and upper approximations of a subset of universe are defined such that they are one kind of generalization of the existing approximations based on some special granular structure.Basic properties of new rough set approximations are investigated.Furthermore,granular structures on universe are characterized by the lower and upper approximation operators.     

粒度分布具有分形特征的非均匀颗粒流的有效热导率理论研究

根据稠密气体运动学理论，在近平衡条件下，得到粒度分布具有分形特征的非均匀颗粒流系统的速度几率分布函数．研究了低浓度的非均匀颗粒流中颗粒与流体之间因颗粒的随机运动而产生的有效热传导；理论推导了其有效热导率；讨论了系统各参数对有效热导率的影响；并将研究结果与单一颗粒流和两组分的混合颗粒流的有效热导率理论结果进行了比较，结果表明，本文的理论结果更具有一般性、包含了已有的理论结果．     

凹凸棒土颗粒吸附剂制备优化及对铅、铜吸附研究

以凹凸棒土为基材,采取混匀、搅拌、造粒和热处理的工艺,制备颗粒状吸附剂。重点研究物料配比和焙烧温度对吸附剂去除Pb~(2+)和Cu~(2+)的影响。通过静态吸附实验研究颗粒吸附剂对Pb~(2+)和Cu~(2+)的吸附特性。结果表明随着膨润土和海藻酸钠添加剂量增大,颗粒吸附剂对Pb~(2+)和Cu~(2+)去除率增大。随着焙烧温度的提高,Pb~(2+)和Cu~(2+)的吸附去除率不断降低。凹凸棒土颗粒吸附剂对Pb~(2+)和Cu~(2+)的吸附过程遵循准一级反应动力学模型;Langmuir吸附等温式和Freundlieh吸附等温式均可较好地描述颗粒吸附剂对Pb~(2+)和Cu~(2+)的等温吸附特性。颗粒吸附剂的最佳制备条件为物料配比凹凸棒土:海藻酸钠:膨润土=100:7:8(以质量计),焙烧温度500℃。     

杨木制取高质量颗粒活性炭的研究

研究利用杨木和杨树枝丫材，制取高质量颗粒活性炭的工艺，先把杨树枝杈烧成木炭，再把木炭粉碎，添加复合粘结剂，混合成型，炭化和多步活化，制得高品位颗粒活性炭，其关键技术是使用了复合粘结剂和独特的加工方法，按本方法制得的杨木颗粒活性炭碘吸附值１３５４ｍｇ／ｇ，亚甲基兰吸附值１６ｍＬ／０．１ｇ（２４０ｍｇ／ｇ），苯吸附率３４．８％，强度（硬度）９５％，灼烧残渣（灰分）０．８３％。这些指标达到或超过不定型椰     

Some open problems in granular matter mechanics

Granular matter is a large assemblage of solid particles, which is fundamentally different from any other type of matters, such as solid and liquid. Most models presented for granular matter are phenomenological and are only suitable for solving engineering problems. Many fundamental mechanical problems remain open. By analyzing characteristics of internal state structure, we propose that granular matter is intrinsically multiscale, i.e. microscale of particle size, mesoscale of force chain, and macroscale of the bulk of granular matter. The correlations among difference scales would be crucial. The mesoscale force chain network is determined by both particle properties and macroscopic boundary conditions. The evolution of the force the chain network contributes to macroscopic mechanical properties of granular matter. In addition, we discuss the drawbacks in simplifying contact forces in the current models, and the difficulties in analyzing the interaction of interstitial fluid in wet granular matter. As an appropriate application of granular matter, debris flow can be studied with granular matter mechanics; meanwhile, debris flow brings more challenges which certainly motivate future studies on granular matter.     

燃煤厂烟气脱硫废水处理新策略及其作用机制

为了探究颗粒污泥对燃煤厂烟气脱硫废水营养型污染物的去除及微生物种群结构的变化特征,建立序批式厌氧/好氧反应器,以预处理后的燃煤厂烟气脱硫废水为研究对象,分析了污泥颗粒化进程中污泥特征,营养型污染去除及微生物群落结构的演变规律。结果表明污泥颗粒化进程中污泥沉降指数（SVI）显著下降,污泥中生物量显著升高,在120 d时,SVI下降至62 mL/g,混合液总悬浮固体（MLTSS）升高至7.1 g/L。此外颗粒污泥胞外聚合物中蛋白质（PN）显著提高,PN/多糖（PS）升高至2.71-2.74。在稳定运行期,颗粒污泥对COD,NH4+-N及总磷(TP)去除效率分别高达89.25-89.56%,93.4%和73.2%。微生物群落结构演变揭示污泥颗粒化进程提高Comamonadaceae及Pseudomonadaceae的相对丰度,从而提高脱氮除磷效率。     

粗糙集的动态粒度及应用

经典粗糙集理论把元素与分类的关联看成不变的,不便于论域上动态数据的研究,而动态粒度可以从不同角度或层次来分析数据,从而弥补经典粗糙集过于简一的计算机制.在经典粗糙集的基础上结合动态粒度的特点,给出了粗糙集、粒计算、动态粒度和影响度的概念,提出了一种粗糙集的动态粒度算法,并给出其应用.     

紫茎泽兰炭对好氧颗粒污泥处理废水的影响

采用MUASB作为反应器,利用城市污水处理厂的活性污泥为接种污泥,加入不同级数紫茎泽兰炭通过间断曝气方式培养好氧颗粒污泥并用于处理高浓度有机废水。结果发现在20~40目、40~60目、60~80目、80~100目、100~190目紫茎泽兰炭中,添加40~60目紫茎泽兰炭在好氧颗粒污泥处理污水的表现上较为明显。在连续一个月的污水处理中,在好氧颗粒污泥中添加紫茎泽兰炭可调节污泥性能,并提高COD、NH3-N、TP的去除率。在COD8 000 mg/L时去除率达到90%以上,NH3-N去除率最高为99%以上,TP最高去除率达85%以上。     

特制木质颗粒活性炭的研究

将气体活化法的活化机理多孔碳石墨材料成孔理论相结合，研究木质颗粒活性炭的成孔理论与工艺，它的最大特点是：在配料中加入成孔剂且采用煅烧活化，不外加活化剂。按本法制得的木质颗粒活性炭具有很了的质量指标，以软阔叶树枝丫材木炭粉－Ｉ为原料，其粒炭得率为４７．６％。粒度为２．０５ｍｍ，强度９６％，碘吸附值１３４５．１ｍｇ／ｇ，苯吸附值５０％，亚蓝吸附值３００ｍｇ／ｇ，灰份５％，其制造方法简单，原材料易得且     

具有H—S微结构复合介质的有限非线性响应

分析了具有Hashin-Shtrikman(H-S)微结构非线性颗粒被无规地嵌入在线性基质中系统的有效非线性响应，给出了系统的有效非线性极化率随线性组分的体积分数f、结构参数δ及非线性指数β的变化规律，发现系统的非线性极化率获得了增强。