薄层分离-分光光度法测定夹竹桃枝中三萜类化合物的质量分数

为测定夹竹桃中总三萜的质量分数,以齐墩果酸为对照品,5％的香草醛-冰醋酸溶液和高氯酸为显色剂,采用薄层色谱分离-分光光度法在550 nm波长处测定样品吸光度.用正交试验法优化了显色反应条件,适宜的展开剂组成为氯仿∶丙酮=10∶3,对照品在10～200μL/mL范围呈良好线性关系,其回归方程为Y=0.007 0C+0.0...     

小桐子油生物柴油的低温流动性的改进研究

 以小桐子油为原料采用碱催化酯交换法合成生物柴油,测定了其脂肪酸的分布、粘度、凝点和冷滤点等指标.着重研究了分别加入3种降凝剂和0号轻柴油对生物柴油低温流动性的影响,结果表明,降凝剂1、2和3都能改进小桐子油生物柴油的低温流动性,其中,降凝剂1对小桐子生物柴油低温流动性的改进效果最好.降凝剂1、2和3能较好地改善调和油B20的低温流动性.3种降凝剂会不同程度地增加小桐子油生物柴油和调合油B20的运动粘度.     

浮床栽培海马齿对海水中悬浮颗粒物清除作用的实验研究

当前,我国许多流域和沿岸水体悬浮颗粒物的浓度较高,给大型海藻和其他底栖水生植物的正常生长带来十分不利的影响.如何有效降低水体的悬浮物浓度,是沿岸水域生态恢复面临的重要问题之一.研究了植物浮床系统中滩涂耐盐植物海马齿(Sesuvium portulacastrumL.)的根系对海水中悬浮颗粒物的净化效果.结果显示,种植海马齿的实验水体悬浮颗粒物浓度显著低于对照组(p<0.01),在24 h内,由海马齿构成的生态浮床模拟系统对水体中悬浮颗粒物的清除率达到90%以上;海马齿根系对不同粒径的悬浮颗粒物清除效果不同,主要作用于粒径<20μm的悬浮颗粒物,且颗粒物粒径越小,根系对其清除效果越明显;随着粒径增大,悬浮颗粒物的自然沉降作用增强,尤其是粒径≥20μm的颗粒物.研究还表明,海马齿根系不仅对水中悬浮颗粒物具有良好的清除作用,同时能使其浓度提前达到稳定水平.     

脑特异性高表达蛋白TMEM59L诱导细胞凋亡的机制

TMEM59L为近年来新发现的脑特异性高表达蛋白,具有促凋亡效果,但其具体的凋亡机制还不清楚.构建了TMEM59L重组质粒,并在HEK293T细胞中过表达TMEM59L,用Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法确定了TMEM59L可以诱导细胞凋亡,之后用免疫印迹方法检测细胞内凋亡相关分子激活情况.结果显示,外源TMEM59L可以降低Bcl-2的蛋白表达水平,诱导细胞色素c从线粒体释放进入细胞质,并且激活caspase-9、caspase-7和caspase-3,但不激活caspase-8;活化的caspase-7和caspase-3进一步酶解死亡底物PARP,导致细胞凋亡;此外,用广谱caspase抑制剂Z-Val-Ala-Asp-FMK(Z-VAD-FMK)抑制caspase-7和caspase-3活性后,死亡底物PARP的酶解也基本被抑制.由此可见,TMEM59L是通过caspase依赖的线粒体途径诱导HEK293T细胞凋亡.     

麻疯树幼苗耐旱的保护性应答

采用聚乙二醇(PEG6000)胁迫,研究了干旱胁迫条件下麻疯树幼苗叶组织中抗氧化系统的变化.结果表明:在0～60 h胁迫中,麻疯树幼苗叶片相对含水量(Rwc)明显下降;处理36 h内,丙二醛(MDA)含量略有增加,但增幅不大,叶绿素含量增加;处理36 h后,MDA含量大幅增加,叶绿素含量逐渐下降;抗坏血酸(ASA)含量...     

细叶杜香挥发油抑菌和杀菌作用的研究

应用水蒸气蒸馏法提取细叶杜香挥发油,采用丙酮溶剂溶解杜香挥发油,以青霉菌、酵母菌和金黄色葡萄球菌作供试菌种,在实验中观察不同浓度的细叶杜香挥发油溶液对不同菌种的作用,研究其抑菌和杀菌作用.     

Synergistic defensive mechanism of phytochelatins and antioxidative enzymes in Brassica chinensis L. against Cd stress

Brassica chinensis L. was chosen and exposed to different concentrations of Cd exposure to evaluate its Cd-accumulating capacity and its potential cellular defensive mechanisms. Cd accumulation in the shoots and roots of B. chinensis was up to 1348.3±461.8 and 3761.0±795.0 mg per killogram of dry weight, respectively, under 200 μmol/L of Cd exposure. Increasing Cd accumulation in the plant was accompanied by rapid accumulation of phytochelatins (PCs), and the sequestration of Cd by PCs provided a primary cellular mechanism for Cd detoxification and tolerance of B. chinensis. Furthermore, malondialdehyde formation, hydrogen peroxide content and antioxidative enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase were observed in the shoots of Cd-stressed B. chinensis. Increasing enzyme activities in response to concentrations of 5 to 50 μmol/L Cd showed an efficient defense against oxidative stress, suggesting that the antioxidative system was a secondary defensive mechanism. These resulted in reduced free Cd damage and enhanced Cd accumulation and tolerance. Glutathione plays a pivotal role in these two detoxification pathways. In general, these results suggested that PCs and the antioxidative system are synergistic in combatting Cd-induced oxidative stress and that they play important roles in Cd detoxification of B. chinensis, and also give a deep understanding of the natural defensive mechanisms in plants under heavy metal stress.     

蕨游动精细胞的研究

电镜研究表明蕨精细胞在发育早期为多角形细胞，具有细胞壁，多层结构和微管，但不具鞭毛，核圆形或椭圆形，随着精细胞的发育，质膜退缩远离细胞壁，在细胞壁和质膜之间质下一个空间，细胞核螺旋化并有大量鞭毛形成，最后精细胞发育形成具有鞭毛的游动精子。     

全光自动喷雾嫩枝扦插桧柏的研究

本文报道了利用北京桧柏、丹东桧柏．研究柏树全光雾插在园林绿化繁殖中先进的处理技术，以其在生产上得以推广．     

The modified method of upwind with finite difference fractional steps procedure for the numerical simulation and analysis of seawater intrusion

Numerical simulation and analysis of seawater intrusion is the mathematical basis for modern environmental science. Its mathematical model is the nonlinear coupled system of partial differential equations with initial-boundary problems. For a generic case of a three-dimensional bounded region, the modified method of upwind with finite difference fractional steps procedure is put forward. Optimal order estimates in L² norm are derived for the error in the approximation solution. The present method has been successfully used in predicting the consequences of seawater intrusion and protection projects.