粘土矿物分析及其指示的气候意义 ——以毛乌素沙漠滴哨沟湾为例

以毛乌素沙漠东南缘萨拉乌苏河流域滴哨沟湾剖面DGS1层段为代表,对其粘土矿物组成进行分析.结果显示,DGS1层段粘土矿物以石英、钾长石、钠长石、伊利石、蒙脱石、方解石和绿泥石为主,各层位均不含高岭石.各种沉积相矿物组成基本一致,说明该地区的矿物来源基本一致.不同沉积相粘土矿物含量不尽相同,沙丘砂、次生黄土中的石英、长石、伊利石、绿泥石等代表干、寒气候的粘土矿物含量高,湖沼相中的蒙脱石、方解石等代表暖湿气候的粘土矿物含量高,个别湖沼相层位出现了白云石.粘土矿物组分表现出萨拉乌苏河流域全新世气候特征:本地区全新世总体偏冷干,各沉积相缺失高岭石而均存在绿泥石可为证明;本地区全新世气候分为两个主要气候阶段,早期到中期堆积湖沼相为主的时期气候相对温暖湿润;中期以后到现在堆积次生黄土和沙丘砂的阶段气候相对寒冷干燥.     

滇西砂岩型铀成矿带新获矿体的铀赋存状态研究

针对中国南方最重要的砂岩型铀成矿区带——滇西腾冲地块新生代盆地群,目前正在实施的新一轮调查已取得显著进展。尤其是在龙川江盆地南部钻探发现新的工业矿体,为成矿机制研究和探索勘查方向提供了宝贵素材。鉴于滇西成矿带特殊的"构造-赋铀岩相-成矿驱动"特征,开展矿体铀赋存状态研究,对于追溯铀源区、重建叠加成矿过程、建立找矿标志和矿床开发利用都具有重要意义,但相关报道鲜见。本文利用ICP-MS、电子探针定量分析和高分辨扫描电镜等手段,对龙川江盆地南部团田地区最新钻获的矿体岩心开展铀赋存状态分析。结果表明,该地区铀矿物以铀石为主,存在铀钍石、独居石等含铀矿物。铀矿物主要以微细粒侵染状赋存于填隙物处、吸附于碎屑矿物表面,少数以铀石微粒集合体形式赋存于蚀变黑云母、石英等矿物颗粒的裂隙中。面扫描影像显示出矿化段铀元素与钍、稀土元素钇具有正相关的分布特征,指示龙川江盆地团田地区砂岩型铀矿体物源区岩石Th、稀土元素Y含量可能具有较高本底值,对于追索物源区具有一定指示意义。龙川江盆地铀源供给存在多源性、多期性可能。     

MgO及其它矿物质的体积弹性模量和剪切模量与温度间关系研究

通过假设泊松比率和无量纲参量在温度T高于德拜温度时与温度无关，推导出了体积弹性模量BT（T）和剪切模量G（T）与温度T之间的关系。将推得的关系式应用于计算8种矿物质的BT和G，所得结果与实验值符合得很好。     

ASP复合驱油体系在新疆砾岩储集层中的吸附特性分析

为了研究ASP复合驱油体系在新疆砾岩储集层的静态吸附、动态损耗及两者之间的定量关系,使用了恒速压汞、X射线衍射、静态吸附、动态损耗的实验方法。结果表明:驱油剂因静电力、范德华力、氢键及与可交换金属阳离子等作用产生静态吸附,KPS、HPAM平衡吸附等温线分别遵循S、L型,Na_2CO_3吸附规律独特;驱油剂在砾岩岩心上的动态损耗机理为矿物表面吸附及砾岩微观孔喉结构束缚作用导致的滞留;驱油剂静态吸附量与动态损耗量之间线性相关,砾岩微观孔喉结构对HPAM的捕集效应更加明显。研究结果对于砾岩油藏进行ASP试验体系配方的优选具有指导意义。     

Electrochemical and spectroscopic study of interfacial interactions between chalcopyrite and typical flotation process reagents

Comparative voltammetry and differential double-layer capacitance studies were performed to evaluate interfacial interactions between chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂) and n-isopropyl xanthate (X) in the presence of ammonium bisulfite/39wt% SO₂ and caustic starch at different pH values. Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, and microflotation tests were used to establish the type and extent of xanthate adsorption as well as the species involved under different mineral surface conditions in this study. The results demonstrate that the species that favor a greater hydrophobicity of chalcopyrite are primarily CuX and S0, whereas oxides and hydroxides of Cu and Fe as well as an excess of starch decrease the hydrophobicity. A conditioning of the mineral surface with ammonium bisulfite/39wt% SO₂ at pH 6 promotes the activation of surface and enhances the xanthate adsorption. However, this effect is diminished at pH ≥ 8, when an excess of starch is added during the preconditioning step.     

用天然超细矿物原料增强加气混凝土的试验研究

分析了我国加气混凝土原料的质量特点,提出了用天然超细矿物增强加气混凝土的新思路。进行了天然超细粉石英增强加气混凝土试验研究,强度提高了５０％。对增强机理进行了分析,提出超细粉石英对加气混凝土的增强机理主要为充填增强、物相增强和结构增强。     

《基于短波红外的土壤粘土矿物高岭石含量定量建模》

土壤中黏土矿物高岭石的含量在地质找矿和环境治理方面有重要意义。对研究区土壤样品的短波红外反射特性进行了分析,通过连续统去除量化计算了光谱吸收特征参数,对比分析并检验高岭石含量与光谱吸收位置、深度、宽度和面积建立的线性方程以及与整个光谱区间(1 300 nm～2 500 nm)反射率建立的多元逐步线性回归方程,确定最优高岭石预测方程,其回归效果显著,预测精度较高。     

Mineral sulphide-lime reactions and effect of CaO/C mole ratio during carbothermic reduction of complex mineral sulphides

Mineral sulphide (MS)-lime (CaO) ion exchange reactions (MS + CaO = MO + CaS) and the effect of CaO/C mole ratio during carbothermic reduction (MS + CaO + C = M + CaS + CO(g)) were investigated for complex froth flotation mineral sulphide concentrates. Phases in the partially and fully reacted samples were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The primary phases during mineral sulphide-lime ion exchange reactions are Fe₃O₄, CaSO₄ Cu₂S, and CaS. A complex liquid phase of Ca₂CuFeO₃S forms during mineral sulphide-lime exchange reactions above 1173 K. The formation mechanisms of Ca₂CuFeO₃S liquid phase are determined by characterising the partially reacted samples. The reduction rate and extent of mineral sulphides in the presence of CaO and C increase with the increase in CaO/C ratio. The metallic phases are surrounded by the CaS rich phase at CaO/C > 1, but the metallic phases and CaS are found as separate phases at CaO/C < 1. Experimental results show that the stoichiometric ratio of carbon should be slightly higher than that of CaO. The reactions between CaO and gangue minerals (SiO₂ and Al₂O₃) are only observed at CaO/C > 1 and the reacted samples are excessively sintered.     

铝硅酸盐矿物捕收剂的设计研究

铝硅酸盐矿物是层状硅酸盐矿物,破碎后晶体端面荷电是表面原子的选择性吸附和解离而成,并随pH变化而变化,其层面荷电为金属离子的晶格取代造成,荷永久负电荷,不随溶液pH值变化而改变.阳离子捕收剂是铝硅酸盐矿物捕收剂的设计首选.多胺类药剂与十二胺相比增加了吸附活性点,浮选性能得到改善.有关参数的计算结果说明多胺类药剂是比十二胺更佳的铝硅酸盐矿物捕收剂.浮选试验也证实这一结论.     

四川盆地西部栖霞组热液白云岩中的自生非碳酸盐矿物

热液环境是碳酸盐重要的成岩环境之一,MVT铅锌矿床和某些白云岩储层都与之有关。通过薄片观察、扫描电镜和能谱分析,在四川盆地西部中二叠统栖霞组白云岩地层中发现了一些自生非碳酸盐矿物和焦沥青,包括伊利石、萤石、氟磷灰石、石英、重晶石和黄铁矿等,它们赋存于具不同结构的白云石的晶间/晶内孔隙和溶解孔隙中,尤其是非平直晶面鞍形白云石的溶解孔隙中。赋存自生矿物的白云石主晶的包裹体均一化温度主要分布在80～180℃之间,最高可达240℃以上。白云石溶解空间中萤石、氟磷灰石(也包括方解石)等以Ca作为阳离子自生矿物的存在,反映热液白云石沉淀后温度降低造成的流体性质的改变和白云石的溶解,热液蚀变作用还造成了伊利石的形成和黏土矿物的强迫热演化,白云石晶间焦沥青的存在则代表了有机质因热蚀变而发生的强迫成熟和过成熟。川西栖霞组碳酸盐岩的热液蚀变作用发生在距今259Ma左右(中二叠世末)的东吴运动期间,与峨眉山玄武岩有关的热事件伴生。该期间古热流达60～80mW/m2,甚至更高,持续时间约6Ma,此时栖霞组白云岩地层的埋藏深度<500m,因而热液蚀变过程与地热增温无关。白云岩地层中各种自生矿物和非正常有机质热演化形成的焦沥青的存在为川西栖霞组碳酸盐岩所经历的热液环境成岩作用提供了依据。