Antioxidant survey to assess antagonism to redox stress using a prokaryotic and an eukaryotic system

Using a prokaryote (Escherichia coli) and a metazoa-resembling eukaryote (Ochromonas danica), we surveyed antioxidants which might overcome redox stress imposed by menadione sodium bisulphite (MD) and buthionine sulphoximine (BSO). BSO oxidant stress was evident only inO. danica; MD oxidant stress was evident in both organisms. Glutathione, its precursors, e.g. cysteine, homocysteine, and 2-oxo-4-thiazolidine carboxylic acid, and red blood cells, emerged as prime antioxidants for relieving BSO and MD oxidant stress. BSO and MD oxidant activity and antioxidant-annulling effect inO. danica were judged comparable to those found in animal cells whereas the resultsE. coli were not entirely equivalent. TheO. danica system emerged as a practical, rapid, and useful system for pinpointing oxidant stressors and antioxidants, and shows promise for studies with mammalian systems.     

不同施肥水平对南瓜过氧化物酶活性影响

采用L9(34)正交设计,对不同施肥条件下南瓜的过氧化物酶(POD)活性和根冠比进行研究.结果表明,氮素对南瓜穴盘苗影响显著,施用氮肥后,幼苗POD活性显著增高,根冠比显著降低.与对照相比,在南瓜苗龄20、30和40 d时,POD活性随施用氮肥次数和苗龄的增加而差异愈加显著.但在各个南瓜苗龄期,施用5和10 g/L浓度氮肥水平的南瓜幼苗之间,其POD活性和根冠比并无显著差异.在多数情况下,磷钾肥施用后,POD活性、根冠比与对照相比差异不显著.在磷钾肥200 mg/L浓度水平下,南瓜苗龄30、40和50 d时的POD活性增强.微肥对南瓜穴盘苗的POD活性影响最小,微肥施用后,南瓜幼苗POD活性变化不显著,但根冠比显著增加.     

紫外线辐射对柑桔过氧化物酶活性和电频率特性的影响

介绍了紫外线辐照柑桔后,柑桔过氧化物酶活性等生理参量和频率特性等物理参量随贮藏时间变化的实验结果,并对结果作了简单分析.结果表明:适当剂量的紫外辐照,可以降低柑桔的过氧化物酶活性,使柑桔电学频率特性等物理参量尽可能保持贮藏初期的特点,延缓柑桔内部结构和所含成分的变化,收到一定的保鲜效果.     

大球盖菇过氧化物酶及超氧化物歧化酶的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶圆盘电泳法测定大球盖菇过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）同工酶活性,结果表明大球盖菇过氧化物酶有4种同工酶,比移分别是：0.13、0.18、0.25、0.32,其活性大小接近.SOD三种都有,比移分别为0.20、0.21、0.25,以Cu·Zn-SOD活性最大,Mn-SOD活性较小.Cu·Zn-SOD及Mn-SOD辅因子易于丢失,应用时应予以注意.     

植物谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的分子生物学研究进展

谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST),这种超家族酶系主要在解毒和对机体有害物质的防御方面发挥作用,是动物、植物和人体代谢过程中的重要酶.对植物中谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶催化机理、分类及其分子生物学研究进展进行了综述.     

油菜花序轴组织培养中愈伤组织同工酶和可溶性蛋白质变化的研究

本文报道了在愈伤组织形成过程中,酯酶、过氧化物酶同工酶及可溶性蛋白质含量的变化,并讨论了愈伤组织形成与这些大分子变化之间的关系。     

Biosynthesis of selenosubtilisin: A novel way to target selenium into the active site of subtilisin

Glutathione peroxidase （GPx, EC1.11.1.9）, an important anti-oxidative selenoenzyme, can catalyze the reduction of harmful hydroperoxides with concomitant glutathione, thereby protecting cells and other biological issues against oxidative damage. It captures considerable interest in redesign of its function for either the mechanism study or the pharmacological development as an antioxidant. In order to develop a general strategy for specifically targeting and operating selenium in active sites of enzymes, the catalytically essential residue selenocysteine （Sec） was first successfully bioincorporated into the catalytic center of subtilisin by using an auxotrophic expression system. The studies of the catalytic activity and the steady-state kinetics demonstrated that selenosubtilisin is an excellent GPx-like biocatalyst. In comparison with the chemically modified method, biosynthesis exhibits obvious advantages： Sec could be site-directly incorporated into active sites of enzymes to overcome the non-specificity generated by chemical modification. This study provides an important strategy for specifically targeting and operating selenium in the active site of an enzyme.     

海藻糖对银杏叶过氧化物酶活性的影响

对银杏叶过氧化物酶热稳定性、最适pH值及海藻糖对酶热稳定性的保护作用和pH值的影响进行了初步研究.结果表明,用40℃和50℃分别处理30 min,过氧化物酶活性分别剩余78%和39%,在60,70,80℃下活性可分别维持27,18和3 min.银杏叶过氧化物酶最适pH值为6.4和9.2.加入海藻糖后酶活性略有降低(活性丧失约8%),但加热后海藻糖的保护优势得以显现,海藻糖浓度为0.14 mol/L时保护效果最好,而且不同温度处理下酶活的下降趋势均较对照组缓慢,尤其在50,60,70℃条件下,相比对照组高出12%~27%的活性,加热时间长短对海藻糖的保护效果无太大影响.经0.14 mol/L浓度的海藻糖处理后,酶活的最适pH值为6.6和9.4.     

不同板栗品种(系)过氧化物酶同工酶的分析比较(简报)

利用垂直板型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(PAGE)对48个不同板栗品种(系)的过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶进行了比较研究。结果表明,48个品种(系)的POD同工酶酶谱在酶带数、迁移率、酶量(酶带宽窄)及酶活性(酶带深浅)等方面均存在相似性,但也有一定的差异。依酶带条数的多少,初步将48个品种(系)划分为8大类,并对其亲缘关系进行了分析,找出了几个亲缘关系最近的品种(系)。