鼠耳蝠属染色体研究进展

本文根据作者分析的安徽5种鼠耳蝠核型和文献报道的45种鼠耳蝠核型,对该属染色体组型及进化机制进行了讨论。该属染色体基本上相同,有四个共同特征,仅出现一些微小变化,我国绒鼠耳蝠是该属染色体数最多的一个种,2n=48,NF=54。通常认为,在同一个分类阶元中,染色体数目多,具有较多端部着丝粒染色体的为较原始类型,反之则为较进化类型。因此,绒鼠耳蝠可能是现存鼠耳蝠属动物最原始的种,该属的演化将主要遵循罗伯逊易位和衔接易位。在进化中是否伴随小染色体丢失,尚需进一步研究。     

R~3中的两个叶层结构的问题

本文证明R~3中不存在以圆为叶的C~21维叶层结构和以R~3为其极小集的C~21维叶层结构。     

冈田氏绕眼果蝇核型研究初报

对冈田氏绕眼果蝇的三龄幼虫的神经节细胞的染色体进行了初步报道．结果表明,冈田氏绕眼果蝇体细胞染色体数目为２ｎ＝１２．常染色体５对,为正中或中部着丝粒染色体,Ｘ为端部着丝粒染色体,Ｙ为中部着丝粒染色体,但其染色单体紧紧靠在一起．此核型在果蝇科已知的核型中是少见的．     

伊蜉属Genus Eatonigenia在中国的首次发现(蜉蝣目 蜉蝣科)

本文描述了采自海南岛的蜉蝣目中国新纪录属伊蜉属Eatonigeni一种:查氏伊蜉E·chaperi。     

Evolutionary and psychological effects in pre-evolutionary classifications

Relative frequency of genera as a function of number of species per genus is plotted for six eighteenth-century classifications: Linnaeus' classifications of animals, plants, minerals, and diseases, and Sauvages' classifications of plants and diseases. The distributions for animals and plants form positively skewed hollow curves similar but not identical to those found in modern biological classifications and predicted by mathematical models of evolution. The distributions for minerals and diseases, however, are more nearly symmetric and convex. The difference between the eighteenth-century and modern classifications of animals and plants probably reflects psychological properties of the taxonomists' judgments; but the difference between the classifications of animals and plants and those of minerals and diseases reflects evolutionary properties of the materials classified, since all six classifications were constructed by the same taxonomists using the same methods. Consequently, the observable effects of evolution are strong enough to be detected in classifications constructed before the acceptance of evolutionary theory; and traditional classifications can contain substantial scientific information despite their reliance on incompletely understood processes of judgment.I thank Mae Ling Hum for assistance in data collection, and Dennis G. Fisher, David M. Raup, Thomas D. Wickens, and J. Arthur Woodward for helpful comments on earlier versions of the paper. Computer time was provided by the UCLA Office of Academic Computing.     

华北地区棘豆属植物的生态学研究

从植物种类的分布及生态型的角度分析了包括内蒙古、山西、河北、北京、天津等华北地区的棘豆属植物的起源及分布结构,提出华北棘豆属植物与西伯利亚属同一起源中心,内蒙古是华北地区棘豆属的发育中心．     

绒山蝠的核型和C带初步研究

本文用骨髓细胞研究了绒山蝠(Nyctalus veluiinus)的核型和C带,结果表明,其二倍体数为36(2n=36,FN=50),由7对大型中着丝粒染色体,1对小型亚中着丝粒染色体,和9对中小型近端着丝粒染色体组成。C带处理显示,常染色体主要显示着丝粒区深染,性染色体则和许多另外的哺乳动物类似,染色很深。本文根据夜山蝠和绒山蝠核型的明显不同及两者外型等的差异,作者认为Allen将绒山蝠单独命名为N.velutinus新种是恰当的。     

中国壁虎属的地理分布、形态学和分子系统学研究进展

壁虎属(Gekko)世界报道有47种,中国是壁虎属物种多样性最为丰富的国家,已记载16种.中国壁虎属物种多分布在秦岭以南的热带和亚热带地区,北方种类较少,少数物种可分布至温带,其中11种为中国特有种,荔波壁虎、太白壁虎、文县壁虎、海南壁虎、兰屿壁虎则为分布范围狭窄的地区特有种.目前基于部分线粒体基因和核基因分子标记对中国壁虎属的分子系统学研究已解决许多分类问题,但仍存在较大分歧,种下关系及分类问题尚有待解决.因此,广泛收集中国壁虎属样本,尤其是广布种各地理种群样本,运用多基因联合分析,可有效解决中国壁虎属目前存在的分类和系统关系问题.     

A new genus of viviparous gyrodactylid (Monogenea) from the Great Barrier Reef,Australia with descriptions of seven new species

Acanthoplacatus gen. nov., a new genus of viviparous gyrodactylid, is described from the fins and skin of siganid fishes from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. The genus is characterized by a muscular, tube-like haptor with 16 marginal hooks on the posterior margin. The ventral lobe of the haptor is located anteriorly relative to the dorsal lobe and contains a pair of hamuli and a ventral bar with posteriorly-projecting ventral bar membrane. A dorsal bar is absent. Five pairs of posterior gland cells surround the posterior terminations of the gut. The male copulatory organ is a muscular, non-eversible bulb with several spines around the distal opening. Species of Acanthoplacatus have a bilateral excretory system consisting of six pairs of flame cells and a pair of excretory bladders. Seven new species are described: Acanthoplacatus adlardi sp. nov. and A. amplihamus sp. nov. from Siganus punctatus (Forster, 1801), A. brauni sp. nov. from S. corallinus (Valenciennes, 1835), A. parvihamus sp. nov. from S. vulpinus (Schlegel and Mueller, 1845), A. puelli sp. nov. from S. puellus Schlegel, 1852, A. shieldsi sp. nov. from S. lineatus (Valenciennes, 1835) and A. sigani sp. nov. from S. fuscescens (Houttuyn, 1782). Species can be discriminated by shape and size of the hamuli, marginal hooks and ventral bar and by male copulatory organ sclerite morphology. Three species (A. brauni sp. nov., A. shieldsi sp. nov. and A. sigani sp. nov.) were assessed for seasonal variation of sclerite size. Ten of thirteen morphological characters showed seasonal variation in size for at least one of the species. The characters were longer in winter except dorsal root tissue cap width. Only one character, marginal hook length, showed significant seasonal variation for all three species. Species of Acanthoplacatus were observed to attach using only the marginal hooks and the role of hamuli in attachment is unclear. The dorsal fin of the host is the preferred site for most species but the anal fin, caudal fin and body surfaces are preferred by some species. Prevalences for species range from 57 to 100%.     

东北棘豆(Oxytropis mand shurica Bge.)的分类学研究

对产于我国北部的东北棘豆 (Oxytropis mandshurica Bge.)及其相似种进行了探讨 ,同意产于我国北部的是东北棘豆 (Oxytropis mandshurica Bge.)而不是蓝花棘豆 (O.caerulea(Pall.) DC.)的观点 ,并将一直难于区分的东北棘豆与亚镰形棘豆 (O.subfalcata Hance)主要特征数据绘成散点图 ,经分析得出以下结论 :亚镰形棘豆 (O.subfalcata Hance)应该作为东北棘豆 (Oxytropis mandshuricaBge.)的一个变种 (O. mandshurica Bge. var.subfalcata(Hance) G.Z.Qian)处理 .