中国柞蚕小杏黄、鲁红和青六号品种幼虫体色基因分析(英文)

通过对鲁红、小杏黄和青六号品种杂交试验，查明了中国柞蚕幼虫体色红色、黄色、黄绿的受控基因和遗传方式．鲁红为杂合体，基因型为Ｒ／＋Ｙ／ＹＧ／Ｇ，纯合体Ｒ／ＲＹ／ＹＧ／Ｇ在卵期致死．小杏黄纯合体基因型为ｒ／ｒＹ／ＹＧ／Ｇ．青六号纯合体基因型为ｒ／ｒ＋ｒ／＋ｒＧ／Ｇ．鲁红和青六号体色有两对基因差异．基因Ｇ、Ｙ、Ｒ位于不同染色体上，基因间存在互作，Ｇ表现型为黄绿色，Ｇ、Ｙ共存表现型为黄色，Ｇ、ｒ、Ｒ共存表现型为红色     

Evaluation of genetic diversity and relationships within and between two breeds of duck based on microsatellite markers

The genetic diversity of two natural populations (M, N) of Beijing duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and 11 artificially selected lines of Beijing duck (A, B, E-L, O) from China Gold Star Duck Production Ltd., along with two Cherry Valley duck lines (C and D) from the British Cherry Valley Livestock Division, was evaluated using 18 microsatellite markers covering 16 linkage groups. A phylogenetic tree of the 15 populations of duck, formed of four main branches, was constructed from Nei’s D_A genetic distance. The mean genetic differentiation index (F_ST) in all loci, Nei’s standard genetic distance (Ds), and the genetic distance D_A between the Beijing duck and the Cherry Valley duck were 0.075, 0.143 and 0.142, respectively. These results demonstrated a high degree of genetic similarity between the two breeds and supported the hypothesis that the Cherry Valley duck was derived from the Beijing duck. The F_ST matrix of seven clusters of Beijing duck suggested that the efficiency of selection was not significant to some extent and should be supplemented by marker-assisted selection.     

网络远程教育发展与应用的思考

网络远程教育是近年来高等教育领域讨论的热点之一，对于网络远程教育的优势和不足、定位及发展前景众说纷纭，本文试从网络远程教育发生发展的背景出发，通过与传统教育进行对比分析，指出网络远程教育的特点与优势，并就现阶段在开展网络远程教育过程中出现的一些问题给出建议，旨在探讨网络远程教育良性发展的对策。     

Relationships of Aegilops tauschii revealed by DNA fingerprints: The evidence for agriculture exchange between China and the West

Genetic diversity and relationships of wild goat grass (Aegilops tauschii Cosson) from Iran and Xinjiang,west China,as well as its weedy type from the Yellow River region of Shaanxi and Henan provinces in China were analyzed by simple sequence repeat (SSR) fingerprints.A high level of genetic diversity in Aegilops tauschii accessions from Iran was observed,and the richness of genetic diversity was followed by accessions from Shaanxi,Henan,and Xinjiang.The weedy type of Aegilops tauschii showed a close genetic relationship with the wild type from different regions in Iran.The results indicated that the weedy Aegilops tauschii found in the Yellow River region was most likely introduced from lran-the diversity center of Aegilops tauschii.The weedy Aegilops tauschii populations found in the Yellow River region may be brought into the central part of China as a weed species together with common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from the West during various periods of time in history.This finding has provided strong evidence for the introduction of common wheat from the West into China via the Silk Road,and also demonstrated the important role of the Silk Road in the exchange of agri-culture and other relevant technologies between China and the West.     

基于多散射中心模型的雷达目标识别方法

针对宽带毫米波雷达目标识别要求 ,提出了一种基于目标光学区多散射中心模型进行目标匹配识别的新方法。该方法首先基于多散射中心理论建立待识别目标的模型、利用遗传算法的全局优化能力进行目标识别。与常规的全姿态角匹配识别方法比较 ,具有需要的存储量、计算量较少的特点。仿真试验验证了该算法的有效性。     

Genetic determinants of individual differences in avoidance learning: Behavioral and endocrine characteristics

Bidirectional genetic selection for good and poor active avoidance learning in a shuttle box has been carried out in three independent laboratories using remarkably similar discrete-trial training procedures. The resulting strains are known as the Roman High and Low Avoidance (RHA and RLA), the Syracuse High and Low Avoidance (SHA and SLA) and the Australian High and Low Avoidance (AHA and ALA) strains, respectively. An additional unidirectionally selected strain, known as the Tokai High Avoider (THA) strain was developed in Japan using a free-operant Sidman avoidance procedure in a Skinner box. This paper reviews the selection of the Syracuse strains, enumerates the various behavioral and endocrine characteristics of the strains, and compares them to the other similarly selected strains. The behavioral work suggests that genetic selection from diverse breeding stocks has resulted in common characteristics that differentiate the strains in the emotional, not learning, domain. The endocrine data, however, are somewhat at odds. The Syracuse strains differentiate one way with respect to endocrine function, and the Roman strains differentiate in the opposite way. We suggest, therefore, that the endocrine correlates are not tightly linked to the avoidance genotype. Genetic analysis of all of the selected strains for both the avoidance phenotype and the endocrine correlates will be needed to test this hypothesis.Preparation of this paper was supported by research grant MH-39230-3 from the National Institute of Mental Health.     

基于遗传算法的模糊神经控制及其应用

将遗传算法和模糊神经网络结合起来,提出一类智能控制方案。仿真实验和实际温控表明,这类智能控制器可改善具有时变、非线性及大纯滞后系统的控制品质,其性能优于一般模糊控制。     

一种组播路由遗传算法

在计算机通信中,越来越多的多媒体应用如视频会议、多媒体教学系统、视频点播等需要组播技术,这就需要研究如何构造有效的组播树的问题。首先给出基于受限延时的最小代价组播树的网络模型及其教学描述;然后提出一种采用启发武算法和遗传算法的混合算法来解决该问题。该算法可以在满足延时约束的条件下,寻找出最小费用的组播树。算法仿真试验结果表明该算法有较好的性能,快速有效。     

公司债券违约率的结构化模型研究

采用期权定价和违约率函数的结构化处理方法建立估计公司债券违约率的模型，应用美国国内公司的整体数据给出了将模型具体化的处理方法，得到一个带马尔可夫链的违约率函数。根据实证数据的初步检验，该函数的拟合效果比较理想，可用于估计一般性上市公司群体的债券违约率。文中的处理方法具有良好的可行性，只要拥有模型必需的股权价值、债务价值和违约率的数据，就能按照该方法将模型具体化，拟合出违约率函数，并由此来估计公司债券的违约率。     

一种基于GA的多目标模糊决策方法研究

针对多目标决策中目标非标准化对决策的影响，提出一种基于相对隶属度的改进遗传算法。在求解过程中，首先计算出群体中所有个体的目标特征值，然后计算目标非标准化对决策的影响度和影响度因子；通过影响度因子将目标非标准化对决策的影响计算到相对隶属度中，将目标特征值矩阵转化为相对隶属度矩阵，构造基于相对隶属度的相对适应度函数，以减小目标非标准化对决策的影响；最后给出了应用该算法处理复杂零件协同制造中制造资源优化配置的一个实例，证明算法的可行性与有效性。