对一般滤子情形下SLQ问题最优反馈的刻画

控制论中的一个基本问题是为系统设计反馈最优控制.这已在LQ问题中得到了很好的实现.但是,在已有的文献中,对这一问题的随机情形的讨论多集中在自然滤子情形.本文应用转置解这一概念在一般滤子情形下给出了带随机系数的SLQ问题最优反馈控制存在的充分条件,证明了对一维控制问题而言这还是必要条件.     

普通生物学课程互动拓展式教学方法改革探索

普通生物学作为生物学相关专业的基础课,涵盖了诸多生命科学领域,旨在帮助学生了解生命科学全貌,打下坚实基础.然而在教学实际中,课程内容广泛且松散,部分知识点高中生物已涉猎,传统"填鸭式"教学无法提升低年级学生的学习兴趣,以致影响对该课程甚至后续其他专业课程的学习.为了解决这些问题,采用互动拓展式教学对"普通生物学"课程进行了改革尝试,引入BBC科学纪录片、诺贝尔奖案例和科学动画等辅助知识点教学,增加翻转课堂、微课视频、第二实践课堂等互动和拓展方式来丰富课堂教学.改革实践表明,互动拓展式教学方法能够提升学生兴趣并且培养学生思维,为后续其他专业课程的学习以及高素质生物学人才的培养打下坚实基础.     

普通物理双语教学模型探索

本文阐明了对普通物理实施双语教学的重要性。对普通物理双语教学过程中各个环节进行了探索和实践,期望进一步推进我院双语教学的步伐和改善双语教学模式。     

从近距离观察光的衍射现象结果中认识光的波粒二象性

世界万物是由一种物质通过多种多样的运动形成的,很久以前有人称这种物质叫以太,请允许我在这里称其为动子。物质是由动子通过不同的群体运动形式表现出来,而物质之外的时间、空间等元素都是因动子的运动产生或改变。文章将初步建立一个由类似于相对论时空观的时间、空间模型,并用这个模型来辨析相对论的时空理论。通过建立的模型证实相对论的时空理论存在的局限性。     

由General Chemistry的译名说起

本文提出我国化学教育中的两点失误原因,其中对General一词翻译有误,也导致了在化学教育中的不利影响,应该予以纠正,重新修订化学专业教学计划和课程设置方案,把化学教学改革推向前进.     

Coincidence and reproducibility in the EHT black hole experiment

This paper discusses some philosophical aspects related to the recent publication of the experimental results of the 2017 black hole experiment, namely the first image of the supermassive black hole at the center of galaxy M87. In this paper I present a philosophical analysis of the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) black hole experiment. I first present Hacking's philosophy of experimentation. Hacking gives his taxonomy of elements of laboratory science and distinguishes a list of elements. I show that the EHT experiment conforms to major elements from Hacking's list. I then describe with the help of Galison's Philosophy of the Shadow how the EHT Collaboration created the famous black hole image. Galison outlines three stages for the reconstruction of the black hole image: Socio-Epistemology, Mechanical Objectivity, after which there is an additional Socio-Epistemology stage. I subsequently present my own interpretation of the reconstruction of the black hole image and I discuss model fitting to data. I suggest that the main method used by the EHT Collaboration to assure trust in the results of the EHT experiment is what philosophers call the Argument from Coincidence. I show that using this method for the above purpose is problematic. I present two versions of the Argument from Coincidence: Hacking's Coincidence and Cartwright's Reproducibility by which I analyse the EHT experiment. The same estimation of the mass of the black hole is reproduced in four different procedures. The EHT Collaboration concludes: the value we have converged upon is robust. I analyse the mass measurements of the black hole with the help of Cartwright's notion of robustness. I show that the EHT Collaboration construe Coincidence/Reproducibility as Technological Agnosticism and I contrast this interpretation with van Fraassen's scientific agnosticism.     

On miracles and spacetime

What have recently been dubbed two ‘miracles’ of general relativity—(1) that all non-gravitational interactions are locally governed by Poincaré invariant dynamical laws; and (2) that, in the regime of experimental practice in which curvature effects may be ignored, the local Poincaré symmetries of the dynamical laws governing matter fields coincide with the local Poincaré symmetries of the dynamical metric field—remain unaccounted for in that theory. In this paper, I demonstrate that these two ‘miracles’ admit of a natural explanation in one particular successor theory to general relativity—namely, perturbative string theory. I argue that this point has important implications when considering both the ‘chronogeometricity’ (that is, the object in question being surveyed by rods and clocks built from matter fields) and spatiotemporal status of the dynamical metric field in both general relativity and perturbative string theory.     

Interpreting cosmic no hair theorems: Is fatalism about the far future of expanding cosmological models unavoidable?

It may be tempting to interpret cosmic no hair theorems (establishing that, under certain conditions, a cosmological model with accelerating expansion approaches de Sitter metric in the future) as implying a form of fatalism about a future state of the universe. In this note I explore (rather general) philosophical and (more concrete) physical reasons to resist such temptation. There are good reasons to think that (even locally) futures of expanding cosmological models may be unlike de Sitter.     

广义进化的定义

广义进化的基本理论,尤其是一些基本概念有待研究。要找到广义进化的准确定义,必须分析清楚四个关系：第一,有序与适应性的关系;第二,进化与复杂化的关系;第三,复杂与有序的关系;第四,复杂与适应性的关系。序参量的评价标准应该是系统功能的总价值,只有当系统的新结构导致新功能出现时,才会使有序度增大。进化就是复杂化,复杂化就是创新,就是对称性破缺程度增大的过程,广义进化是所有物质系统的复杂化过程。     

生态学实验教学模式改革的探讨

本文结合生态学实验教学模式改革的进行,探讨生态学实验教学过程初步探索和实践的效果,并且分析生态学实验教学改革中的不足,对高校开展生态学教学改革研究具有重要意义。