轨道式管道焊接机器人焊缝跟踪方法研究现状

首先简述了截至2013年世界石油天然气管线的铺设情况以及采用熔化极气体保护焊(GMAW)的轨道式管道焊接机器人在工业中的应用情况、工作特点和优势,然后,较为全面地介绍了熔化极气体保护焊中常用传感器的分类,详细分析了它们的焊缝跟踪原理、优缺点和在管道焊接中的应用情况。研究发现,电弧传感器和视觉传感器具有实时性好、信息量大、跟踪精度高等优点,是管道焊接中应用最广泛的两种传感器,单一的传感器在不同工艺的焊缝跟踪中跟踪精度容易受到限制,而采用多种传感器相结合的方法可以极大提高油气管道的焊缝跟踪精度。采用视觉传感和电弧传感相结合的焊缝跟踪系统已经在日本投入天然气现场管线的焊接,并获得了良好的焊接效果。最后得出结论,焊接过程中应该根据工艺特点采取不同的跟踪方法,而采用多种传感器结合的方式可以提高焊缝跟踪精度,必将成为今后研究的热点。     

短路过渡的GMAW电弧声信号特征及产生机理

从时域和频域两方面分析了短路过渡的GMAW焊接过程中产生的电弧声信号特征 ,发现电弧声波呈现“振铃”形信号 ,主要产生于短路结束再引弧阶段 ,与电弧功率的微分信号相关性最大 ,频率主要集中在 4～ 8kHz .并根据其信号特征探讨了电弧声的产生和形成机理 ,认为电弧能量的变化是产生电弧声的激励源 ,保护气流、弧柱等构成时变的声道系统 ,声音激励和声道系统共同作用产生电弧声 .     

Influence of parameters on the microstructure of a duplex stainless steel joint welded by a GMAW welding process

Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) are widely used in industry for their desirable properties. Any fusion welding technique modifies the microstructure and, consequently, the properties of the material. This paper presents a parametric study of the variables that determine the energy contribution (current, voltage and welding speed) and the structural modifications produced during gas metal arc welding. The analysis comprises metallographic study, phase balance, dimensioning of the weld beads and tensile and hardness tests. The influence of the variables studied on the thermal cycles obtained (temperatures reached and cooling rate) was determined by using a finite element model. The results showed that, in addition to the indicated parameters, the parameter power transfer per volume (W/m³) and the geometry in the bead must be controlled due to their influence on the heat flow distribution and phase balance.