Detecting the breakup of spiral waves in small-world networks of neurons due to channel block

The breakup of a spiral wave by blockade of sodium and potassium channels in a small-world network of Hodgkin-Huxley neurons is investigated in detail.The influence of ion channel block in poisoned excitable membrane patches of a certain size is measured,by varying channel noise and channel densities resulting from the change in conductance,For example,tetraethylammonium is known to cause a block(poisoning) of potassium channels,while tetrodotoxin blocks sodium channels.We observed the occurrence of spiral waves,which are ordered waves believed to play an important role in facilitating the propagation of electric signals across quiescent regions of the brain.In this paper,the effect of channel block was measured by the factors xK and xNa,which represent the ratios of unblocked,or active,ion channels,to the overall number of potassium or sodium ion channels,respectively.To quantify these observations,we use a simple but robust synchronization measure,which succinctly captures the transition from spiral waves to other collective states,such as broken segments resulting from the breakup of the spiral wave.The critical thresholds of channel block can be inferred from the abrupt changes occurring in plots of the synchronization measure against different values of xK and xNa.Notably,small synchronization factors can be tightly associated with states where the formation of spiral waves is robust to mild channel block.     

局域互联的IPA神经网络模型

提出了局域互联的Ｉｎｔｅｒ－ｐａｔｔｅｒｎＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ一ＩＰＡ神经网络的新概念。并对局域互联的ＩＰＡ网络的关联存储进行了计算机模拟和特性分析。结论是：在满足存储容量的限制下，局域互联的ＩＰＡ网络与传统的全局互联ＩＰＡ网具有同样的全局关联存储能力。但是，局域互联的ＩＰＡ网络的关联矩阵却小得多。因而，这有利于用一般的液晶空间光调制器实现较大规模的神经网络。     

Intrathalamic sensory connections mediated by the thalamic reticular nucleus

The thalamus and cerebral cortex are linked together to form a vast network of interconnections. Different modes of interactions among the cells in this network underlie different states of consciousness, such as wakefulness and sleep. Interposed between the dorsal thalamus and cortex are the GABAergic neurons of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), which play a pivotal role not only in switching between the awake and sleep states but also in sensory processing during the awake state. The visual, somatosensory, and auditory sectors of TRN share many of the same organizational features. Each of these sectors contains maps, which are related to its inputs and outputs, and organizational components called ‘slabs.’ It is proposed that, during wakefulness, TRN is crucially involved in resetting the activity levels in sensory nuclei of the dorsal thalamus, which allows the cortex to actively and periodically compare its on-going sensory processing with the available sensory information. Received 11 May 1999; received after revision 15 July 1999; accepted 21 July 1999     

基于单神经元的卫星制导炸弹次最优制导律设计

为了满足卫星制导炸弹大着地角的弹道要求,基于单神经元进行了次最优制导律设计。首先建立了卫星制导炸弹运动状态方程,根据导出的次最优制导律形式构造了神经元,在此基础上建立了自适应参数优化回路,得到优化参数。利用设计所得的制导律进行了卫星制导炸弹六自由度全弹道仿真。由仿真结果与使用比例导引律的计算结果的比较可知,该文方法使弹着角增加了60％,避免了最优制导律的复杂推导过程。通过该文方法可直接得到适用于工程和仿真计算的形式简单的次最优制导律。     

Achyranthes bidentata Blume extract promotes neuronal growth in cultured embryonic rat hippocampal neurons

We have prepared an aqueous extract of Achyranthes bidentata Blume, a commonly prescribed Chinese medicinal herb, and reported, in previous studies, that A. bidentata extract benefits nerve growth and prevents neuron apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the actions of A. bidentata extract on survival and growth of primarily cultured rat hippocampal neurons. The morphological observation revealed that neurite growth from hippocampal neurons was significantly enhanced by A. bidentata extract with similar effects to those induced by nerve growth factor (NGF), and the greatest neurite growth appeared on treatment with A. bidentata extract at 1 μg/ml for 24 h. DNA microarray analysis indicated that there were 25 upregulated genes and 47 downregulated genes exhibiting significantly differential expression in hippocampal neurons treated with A. bidentata extract at 1 μg/ml for 6 h when compared to those in untreated hippocampal neurons. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis demonstrated that the expression of growth-associated protein-43 in hippocampal neurons was upregulated at both mRNA and protein levels after treatment with A. bidentata extract, and the optimal dosage of the extract was also 1 μg/ml. These data confirm that A. bidentata extract could promote in vitro hippocampal neuronal growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner.     

参数与时滞相关的惯性两神经元系统稳定性分析

采用特征根方法, 通过分析参数与时滞相关具有惯性项的两个神经元系统的稳定性切换, 给出系统的稳定性切换准则, 并通过数值模拟分析了系统独特的动力学行为及混沌解.     

前向多层代数神经网络隐层神经元数目估计方法

结合目前估计前向三层神经网络隐层神经元数目的方法 ,提出一种向量不交关系来确定多层(层数 >3)前向代数神经网络隐层神经元的数目 ,该方法只须估计出第一隐层神经元的数目 ,其余各层神经数目利用不交关系的算法随之确定 ,通过多项式代数函数实例表明 ,该方法有效     

前掩蔽声时程所致的探测声频率感受野的变化

本实验在自由声场条件下,以阈上5 dB强度,神经元最佳频率(best frequency,BF)纯音作为掩蔽声,其时程分别为40、60、80和100 ms,观察掩蔽声对探测声频率感受野的影响,结果发现给不同时程的掩蔽声后,全部神经元的频率感受野都明显减小,P<0.001.用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)结果表明:掩蔽声对神经元频率感受野的抑制率随掩蔽声时程(masker duration,MD)的增加而变大,通过对高低频感受野抑制分析结果表明:掩蔽声对神经元高频感受野的抑制率明显高于低频部分,P<0.05.推测前掩蔽声的时程效应与掩蔽声激活的抑制性输入强度以及持续时间相关.