直流电场中可控阻尼振动规律

基于电流变液的粘度随电场强度变化的原理，利用摄动方法，在直流电场中用电流变液实现可控阻尼振动并研究了其运动规律，得到了振动物理量与直流电场强度的关系.     

水基Fe3O4磁流体的制备和磁光特性

以FeSO4·7H2O(AR),Fe(NO3)3·9H2O(AR),NH3·H2O(AR)为原料,用水热法制备纳米Fe3O4粒子;通过选用合适的分散剂来克服磁性颗粒的沉降,采用超声波分散的方法,制备在重力场和磁场中稳定性好的磁流体.研究了影响水基Fe3O4磁流体性能的主要因素,得到最佳条件:Fe(NO3)3·9H2O和FeSO4·7H2O的量比为1.75,水热反应温度为160℃,反应时间为5h,1.5gFe3O4分散于100mL水中所需分散剂的用量为0.75mL.所制备的产物经XRD和粒度仪检测,结果表明:产物为单一相的Fe3O4,水基Fe3O4磁流体体系的粒径在100nm以下.     

电流变伺服阀的特性研究

介绍了电流变伺服阀的组成及其结构特点,并用控制理论对其特性进行了分析,得出该伺服阀具有响应快、精度高、能耗低、稳定性好等优点,能满足一般小功率、低压控制系统的要求．     

叠加阀油路块设计简介

叠加阀油路块内油路复杂,设计中的差错很多,文中对叠加阀油路块的设计作了总结,为设计中减少差错提供了理论依据。     

Seismogenesis and occurrence of earthquakes as observed by temporally continuous gravity variations in China

In the last decade and a half, a number of earthquakes of magnitude 4–5 have occurred in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan-Zhangjiakou (BTTZ) region. On the basis of the analysis of the temporally continuous gravity variation data principally from the Baijiatuan (BJTN) semi-permanent gravity base station, a general picture of gravity variation related to the seismogenesis and occurrence of earthquakes has emerged. As gravity variation is generally observed on the earth’s surface, the predominant influence is that of the near-surface groundwater. The subsurface fluids are distributed throughout all depths in the crust and respond to the seismogenic processes of earthquakes as well. The influence of the subsurface fluid on gravity variation is, therefore, of equal importance. The fluids, which include the near-surface groundwater and the subsurface fluids distributed throughout all depths in the crust, play a more important role in the gravity variations in terms of the seismogenesis and occurrence of earthquakes than previously realized. The abundance of accumulated data shows that the dilatancy instability (IPE) model seems not applicable at least to the seismogenesis and occurrence of earthquakes in the BTTZ region. In order to reflect the physical reality, the earlier proposed combined dilatancy model requires modification. The seismogenic area in the BTTZ region may be modelled as a large pre-stressed volume of a fluid-filled poroelastic medium, including not only the pre-stressed volume surrounding the impending rupture zone but also the volume containing the rupture of the fault zone itself. The pre-stressed volume outside the impending rupture zone is under a state of relatively small change of the pre-existing regional tectonic stress, while the volume containing the impending rupture zone is an induced region of very high local stress concentration, and/or pore over-pressure. The calculated gravity variations based on the modified combined dilatancy model (MCDM) with the known physical parameters of the region resemble the observed residual gravity variations. Apparently the residual gravity variations, in addition to responding to the deep-seated seismogenesis and occurrence of earthquakes, predominantly respond to the near-surface groundwater, and the subsurface fluids, which themselves also respond to the seismogenesis and occurrence of earthquakes. On the basis of comparison between the calculated MCDM gravity variations and the observed residual gravity variations, the change of the regional tectonic stress field for the earthquakes of magnitude 4–5 in the BTTZ region could be approximately estimated to be in the neighbourhood of 5%–7%. It is apparent that simultaneously monitoring the temporally continuous variations of the near-surface groundwater, subsurface fluids, and gravity coupled with modelling would provide vital information on the history and evolution of the seismogenic processes about 10 months to 1 year prior to the occurrence of an earthquake of magnitude 4–5 and tens of years prior to that of an earthquake of magnitude 7–8 such as the Haicheng earthquake in 1975 and the Tangshan earthquake in 1976 in the BTTZ region. These earthquakes of magnitude 4–5, which so far have occurred in the BTTZ region, may well be the precursory events to a larger earthquake. L-DEO, Columbia University, Contribution No. 5613.     

硅酸盐钻井液的组成与流变性的关系

配制了一系列钻井液,并对其流变性进行了测试,研究了硅酸盐钻井液的组成对其流变性的影响。试验结果表明,未水化粘土和岩屑的积累使硅酸盐钻井液粘度和切力迅速升高,这是硅酸盐钻井液流变性变差的首要因素。较高模数的硅酸盐对各种浓度的膨润土基浆均有解絮凝和降粘作用,而对含有许多劣土和处理剂的钻井液有显著的增粘作用。硅酸盐阳离子中钾／钠值越高,对基浆的降粘作用就越小,对钻井液的增粘作用则越大。简单盐对硅酸盐钻井液具有一般的常规作用;对组成基本相同、而ｐＨ值不同的钻井液,加入硅酸盐能减小其粘度差别。     

魔芋与田菁无粘土钻井液的研究与应用

魔芋与田菁无粘土钻井液是一类分别采用魔芋与田菁植物胶配制而成的新型钻井液,特别适用于金刚石钻进、各种井底动力钻具钻进、水文水井钻进与浅油井钻进,具有保护孔壁,提高钻速、钻头寿命,提高破碎岩矿层采心率,降低泵压,减少激动压力,减少对地层损害等许多优良性能。介绍与讨论了钻井液配方与配制方法、性能分析和比较以及生产应用等。     

流体的自由体积及其应用(Ⅱ)自由体积与平衡性质及传递性质间的关系

文中研究自由体积在流体的宏观性质,尤其是传递性质中的应用,给出了自由体积与Helmholtz自由能、过量Gibbs自由焓G~B等热力学基本量的关系;然后介绍了自由体积与流体传递性质间的关系,概述了有关模型;最后,论述了自由体积在联系平衡性质与传递性质间所起的桥梁作用,导出了流体纯物质及混合物传递性质的有关模型,为进一步的研究和应用提供基本方程和方法。     

双流体共引喷射器数值优化研究

双流体共引喷射器是船用海水淡化设备的关键部件,其结构参数和工作参数将对性能产生较大影响,利用数值模拟方法优化双流体共引喷射器的结构参数和工作参数,分析结果显示:随着出口直径的增大,引射效果增强;喷嘴处的最低压力随着喷嘴距的减小而降低,将增强一、二级喷嘴处的引射效果。两级喷嘴面积比要大于一定值才能获得较好的引射效果,同时不同面积比,导致两级喷嘴处的压力差也不同。喷嘴直径和喷嘴倾斜角不变的情况下,工作入口直径越大,引射效果越差;喷嘴倾斜角需要在一定范围内才能满足设计要求,改变喷嘴倾斜角对一级喷嘴处的影响会比二级喷嘴处的影响大。     

清洁胶束压裂液延缓形成的性能

阐述了清洁胶束压裂液延缓形成的机理，提出了胶束延缓形成的两种方法，并进行实验研究。结果表明，利用固体水杨酸微溶于水的性质以及尿素分解后所提供的弱碱性环境，能很好地延缓胶束形成；而在水杨酸钠的体系中加入尿素作为氢键阻断剂则在一定程度上可以降低压裂液的初始粘度。