宫颈癌变细胞傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)测定方法研究

提出了一种测定宫颈细胞发生早期癌变的新方法,利用高分辨傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR),对正常细胞和千余名宫颈癌患者的细胞进行了对比研究,还就妇女普检中的50例样品与中国肿瘤研究院病理结果做了对照。初步得出该研究能在分子水平上揭示出癌变细胞与正常细胞的明显差别,并且通过谱图解析,可直接阐明引起谱图变化的主要原因、细胞癌变的可能机理,为肿瘤的早期诊断展现了良好的前景。     

四株肺癌细胞系的维甲酸受体表达的研究

目的：观察来源于不同组织学类型的人肺癌细胞系（肺巨细胞癌细胞系PLA-801,肺鳞状上皮细胞癌细胞系C-57,个旧肺腺癌细胞系GLC-82和肺腺癌细胞系PC-84045）的维甲酸受体的含量和分布特征。方法：作ELISA和免疫组化显色计算机图象分析方法,对4株具有不同侵袭潜能,不同组织学类型的肺癌细胞系的维甲酸受体（RARs、RAR和RXRs）进行检测。结果：4株细胞系的RARβ的表达极少,甚至缺如;RARs主要分布在癌细胞胞浆中,但RXRs主要位于细胞核内,表达水平较高;RARs和RXRs在PLA-801细胞中表达最低。结论：肺癌中普遍存在着RAR的表达分布异常,这些改变可能与肺癌的异常分化有关,亦可能是肺癌细胞对维甲酸诱导分化不敏感的重要原因。RXRs较高水平的表达且主要位于核内,提示用9-顺式维甲酸来诱导肺癌的分化效果可能会较好。     

17例弥漫型细支气管肺泡癌的CT特征分析

目的：回顾性分析17例弥漫型细支气管肺泡癌（DBAC）的CT表现,探讨其特征性CT征象。方法：17例病理证实DBAC,其中实变型13例,多结节型4例。同时搜集13例叶／段性肺炎为对照组。结果：实变型DBAC表现单叶／段实变（31％）、多叶／段实变（69％）、实变阴影内出现特征性支气管气相（77％）、泡状透亮影（54％0、毛玻璃样密度影（39％）、叶间胸膜膨出（215）。多结节型DBAC表现以两侧中下肺野为主的弥漫性腺泡结节,部分见空泡征和泡状透亮影。3例伴有母瘤,母瘤边缘有毛棘,内有空泡征。结论：实变叶／段出现下列一种CT征象提示实变型DBAC：（1）特征性支气管气相;（2）泡状透亮影;（3）磨玻璃样密度影。肺叶容积增大及动态CT变化有助于实变型DBAC的诊断。多发性肺泡征和泡状透亮影则可以诊断多结节型DBAC。母瘤的出现及其形态不表现有利于DBAC的诊断。     

一例家族性多发肿瘤遗传的调查报告

介绍一个肿瘤多发家系．该家系4代22人，8名癌症患者，占36％．8名患者中5人为多发性肿瘤，占62．5％，肝癌患者4人，占50%，提示该家系肿瘤具有家族聚集现象，呈常染色体显性遗传．     

Late retroperitoneal recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma 12 years after initial diagnosis

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive tumor with poor long-term prognosis.Here,we present an unusual patient with a solitary recurrence of HCC in the right kidney 12 years after the initial diagnosis.This illustrates the importance of considering late recurrence in patients with a history of HCC and the management of these metastases.     

葡萄糖转运蛋白1（GLUT-1）抑制剂BAY-876体内活性的正电子发射型计算机断层显像（PET）检测

目前,葡萄糖转运蛋白(glucose transporter,GLUT)不仅是细胞摄取葡萄糖的功能与物质保障,同时也是恶性肿瘤抗肿瘤药物治疗的新型干预靶点。建立GLUT抑制剂的体内活性评价方法具有重要意义。利用正电子发射型计算机断层显像检测仪(positron emission computed tomography,PET)对小动物肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)肿瘤模型进行PET检测,建立GLUT抑制剂的小动物体内活性检测方法。在HCC细胞系中检测GLUT-1的表达,选取GLUT-1表达水平最高的细胞系接种BalB/c免疫缺陷动物皮下,形成免疫缺陷动物皮下肿瘤模型。连续三日口服灌胃给药,给予动物5 mg/kg的GLUT-1抑制剂BAY-876后,进行PET检测。动物行尾静脉注射200μCi的核素探针~(18)F-FDG,约30 min后进行PET检测。在此基础上,使用盖革计数器检测动物肿瘤与血液的放射性强度比较。在所选细胞系中,MHCC-97H细胞中GLUT-1的表达显著高于其他细胞系,BAY-876治疗动物能够显著抑制MHCC-97H皮下肿瘤组织对18F-FDG的摄取。GLUT-1抑制剂BAY-876能够显著抑制HCC细胞对葡萄糖的摄取,成功建立了利用PET检测GLUT抑制剂动物体内活性的PET检测方法。     

Detection of theH-RAS oncogene in human thyroid anaplastic carcinomas

Summary We have transfected high-molecular-weight DNA from human thyroid carcinomas into murine 3T3 cells. As a result we identified several foci of morphologically distinct transformed cells in each of the tumour DNA transfected cultures. After a total of three rounds of transfection, the transformed cells were shown to form tumours in nude mice. Southern blot analysis of DNA prepared from third-round transfectants demonstrated the presence of human Alu repetitive sequences and, after hybridization with probes for known oncogenes, indicated the presence of the humanH-RAS oncogene in 3T3 cells transfected with three out of four anaplastic carcinoma DNA samples. It appears therefore that activation ofRAS genes may be an important event in the development of the anaplastic thyroid tumours.     

基于生物组织偏振特性的肝癌检测方法研究

肝细胞性肝癌属于原发性肝癌的一种,在我国发病率较高,且发病隐匿。癌变组织的组织结构和细胞形态会发生改变,这种亚波长微观结构的改变可以通过生物组织的偏振特性进行表达。根据光与生物组织相互作用原理,设计生物组织偏振成像系统,对30 μm厚的未染色肝细胞性肝癌切片进行成像,借助与组织作用后背向散射光的偏振差异来表征生物组织的结构差异。实验结果表明,在各起偏角度的线偏振度图像中,肝癌组织与肝硬化组织的对比度较普通强度图像平均提升91%,最高提升155%,在切片较厚、未染色条件下线偏振度成像方法具有区分癌变组织和非癌变组织的能力,为肝癌的病理检测提供了一种新的思路。     

Breast metastasis from small cell lung carcinoma

Breast metastases from extramammary neoplasms are very rare. We presented a 66 year-old female with metastasis of small cell lung carcinoma to the breast. She presented with consolidation over the left upper lobe of her lung undetermined after endobronchial or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery （VATS） biopsy, and this was treated effectively after antibiotic therapy at initial stage. The left breast lumps were noted 4 months later, and she underwent a modified radical mastectomy under the impression of primary breast carcinoma. However, the subsequent chest imaging revealed re-growing mass over the left mediastinum and hilum, and cells with the same morphological and staining features were found from specimens oftransbronchial brushing and biopsy. An accurate diagnosis to distinguish a primary breast carcinoma from metastatic one is very important because the therapeutic planning and the outcome between them are different.