仿鸟扑翼飞行器动力学建模

针对仿鸟扑翼飞行控制算法设计和验证需要,建立了仿鸟扑翼飞行器的动力学模型和仿真系统.在建立仿鸟扑翼飞行器柔性翼模型的基础上,基于非定常空气动力学原理,用修正的准定常气动力计算模型估算出了翅膀扑动产生的高升力;估算了平尾产生的控制力矩.在分析惯性力的基础上建立了扑翼飞行器的状态空间方程,进而基于Matlab语言和Simulink环境设计了微型扑翼飞行器仿真系统,并给出了相应的仿真结果.     

结冰条件下大型飞机翼面分离流场结构及空气动力学特性研究

结冰对飞机的空气动力学影响特性是飞机结冰研究的重要内容。构建了具有典型大型客机几何外形的背景飞机模型,基于RANS方法对机翼结冰条件下全机的复杂空间流场结构及气动特性进行了研究。研究结果表明,机翼结冰主要影响背景飞机失速点附近的气动特性,翼面分离始发大幅提前、分离梯次完全消失是全机失速特性恶化、气动边界缩小的直接原因。研究可为深刻认识飞机结冰对气动力影响的流动机理提供支撑,为大型飞机结冰后的气动特性分析及飞行动力学研究提供依据。     

渗透压下岩石翼形裂纹应力强度因子及断裂判据

为研究渗透压下岩石翼形裂纹面部分闭合情况下的破坏行为,建立多裂纹间相互作用下压剪翼形裂纹的力学模型,推导得到岩石翼形裂纹尖端应力强度因子表达式.分析不同起裂角条件下,应力强度因子随岩石翼裂纹长度的变化规律,并对参数进行敏感性分析.基于摩尔-库伦准则,推导考虑裂纹间相互作用的部分闭合型裂纹的断裂韧度表达式,得到岩石在压剪应力作用下Ⅰ,Ⅱ型裂纹的复合断裂判据.分析结果表明:裂纹间相互作用对应力强度因子的影响效果显著;应力强度因子在起裂角为65°左右时达到最大;应力强度因子对裂纹起裂角和翼形裂纹长度较敏感,对裂纹闭合度的敏感性较小.     

微扑翼飞行器驱动装置设计与翅翼轨迹控制仿真研究

将压电陶瓷驱动器和柔性铰链四杆放大机构融为一体,设计了结构紧凑的微扑翼飞行器驱动装置;采用拉格朗日方程建立了驱动装置动力学模型;提出了模糊自适应迭代学习控制策略,并进行了微扑翼飞行器翅翼轨迹模糊自适应迭代学习控制仿真试验,仿真结果表明：这种控制策略是可行的,翅翼取得了较好的轨迹跟踪效果。     

微型飞行器空气动力学研究

围绕与微型飞行器相关的低雷诺数空气动力学问题,进行了低雷诺数翼型气动特性的数值分析研究、低马赫数低雷诺数流场数值计算方法研究、考虑扑翼结构弹性变形的气动特性估算方法研究、微型飞行器气动特性估算的非定常涡格法研究和微型飞行器的风洞试验研究,取得的研究成果对微型飞行器的发展具有重要的参考价值和指导意义.     

全新的虚短虚断概念与两类集成运放之导出

自有集成运放以来,虚短虚断、两类集成运放就应运而生,但它与典型的单级电流串联负反馈、电压并联负反馈;两级电压串联负反馈、电流并联负反馈有什么必然联系在国内外均少见详细报导。本文力图通过对这4个电路中反馈元件的双向等效折合,再准确计算i_b、u_(be)、A_(uf)的数值,决定把u_(be)和i_b同时趋近于零定义为虚短虚断;而把计算A_(uf)时,狠抓两个核心元件的主导作用,忽略工程上的次要部分,就得到了与两类集成运放相同的结果,这既避免了对原分离电路的繁琐而复杂的计算,也把从分离电路到集成运放实现了完美无缺的自然过渡。     

An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Adults of both sexes of Cheimas opalinus (Staudinger), a Satyrinae butterfly occurring in the cloud forests of the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida, have simple wing colour patterns, dark brown dorsa marked by one conspicuous element, large greenish-blue patches in the discal area of the hind wing. It was observed that in young, freshly emerged females these patches are frequently absent. They fade away and eventually disappear during mating and nuptial flights when brushed out by lateral movements of the male’s hind wing put between folded female hind wings. The falling off of the scales is made easy because they do not adhere to the wing as firmly as brown background scales due to their particular folded extremities. We speculate that this process is related to the fitness of the females. Prior to mating, blue-green patches are advantageous because they attract the attention of the opposite sex and enhance the chances of successful mating. After mating they lose their sexual role. Females without the blue-green patches become cryptic. Thus, they are less apparent not only for the males, which helps them avoid sexual harassment, but also for potential bird predators. Additionally, the loss of blue reflecting scales may speed up the warming up of the abdomen and egg maturation. In the males, positive role of the patches (signalling), and negative (bird attraction), is balanced during their entire life span, and they fade gradually due to regular usage of wings scaling in flight. Our hypothesis is supported by morphological, optical, experimental and statistical analysis in which we used 509 individuals of both sexes. A similar ratio of young (with undamaged wing) females with or without blue patch was recorded, whereas in the males no individuals without any trace of blue patch were reported, and a correlation of age (wing damage) and gradual fading off of the patch was demonstrated. Such an adaptation involving an active change of the appearance of adults, i.e. colour patterns related to sexual selection, has not been reported previously in Lepidoptera.     

Correlation between wing size and position of a hind crossvein in the Siphonini (Diptera: Tachinidae)

In the Siphonini (Diptera: Tachinidae), crossvein dm-cu is relatively near the wing margin (the primitive condition within the tribe) in larger siphonines and displaced toward the middle of the wing (derived condition) in smaller siphonines. Displacement of dm-cu increases the passively deformable area of the wing relative to the supporting area, presumably increasing the aerodynamic efficiency of flight in smaller siphonines. The trend toward increasing the passively deformable area in smaller siphonines compared with larger ones is complementary to the general trend toward reduced venation in tiny insects.     

对边后卫助攻战术的研究

撰写本文的目的是探索边后卫在比赛中助攻职能的新发展，为训练中提供一些共同探讨研究的问题。作为中国体育改革突破口的足球运动，改变位置分家，完善边后卫技战术已势在必行。     

小展弦比翼面-操纵面系统的防颤振设计方法

本文探讨小展弦比翼面-操纵面系统的两个防颤振设计问题:一个是“质量平衡”与“不可逆”这两个设计措施哪个更可取;另一个是不可逆操纵面的偏转频率多大为宜,即确定编转频率的设计指标。文中,基于系统工程的观点,把弯曲、扭转和偏转自由度纳入一个统一的数学模型中。