酿酒用高产洛伐他汀红曲菌的筛选

为获得酿酒用高产洛伐他汀红曲菌株,研究以洛伐他汀含量、红曲色素色价、桔霉素含量及红曲菌产酶能力为评价指标,通过固态发酵法从不同产地40份红曲米中筛选出1株高产洛伐他汀的菌株H5-3,经形态观察和分子生物学鉴定,判定该菌株为紫色红曲菌。经过检测,菌株H5-3的洛伐他汀产量高达17.90mg/g,红色素色价3195.27μ/g,糖化酶、液化酶、酸性蛋白酶的活力分别达2514.26、0.32、300.19U/g,且该菌株不产桔霉素,是可应用于红曲黄酒酿造的功能红曲菌。进一步将该紫色红曲菌H5-3应用于红曲黄酒的酿造,制得的红曲黄酒中洛伐他汀质量浓度63.75mg/L,红色素色价22.86μ/mL,酒精度14.86%,总酸4.90g/L,氨基酸态氮0.83g/L。对制得的红曲黄酒风味物质进行分析,发现有机酸质量浓度为12.70g/L,其中乳酸、乙酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸为其主要成分,分别占总量质量分数的28.2%、21.9%、14.5%、12.2%、5.7%;游离氨基酸质量浓度3540.58mg/L;在挥发性风味物质中,酯类、醇类为主要成分,分别占总量质量分数的48.4%、43.9%,其中乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、丁二酸二乙酯、正丙醇、苯乙醇等含量较高,对风味有较大贡献;有机酸、游离氨基酸和挥发性风味物质含量比例协调。希望研究对传统红曲菌种资源的发掘利用以及红曲黄酒保健功能的提升具有参考价值。     

Insect behavior at the leaf surface and learning as aspects of host plant selection

Summary Direct observations on the feeding behavior of insect herbivores are uncommon, but important. The important aspects of host-plant selection by phytophagous insects that have been revealed by such observations are the role of chemicals in the leaf surface, and learning. There are few detailed reports of behavior at the leaf surface, but these indicate that many, if not all, insects exhibit behavior pattenrs that can be interpreted as an examination of the quality of the surface and acceptance or rejection may follow without further testing. A number of experiments show that chemicals from the leaf surface commonly contribute to the acceptability or otherwise of a plant and in most cases so far the active chemicals are of widespread occurrence, not having a specific association with the host plant. Some experiments show that the association between surface chemicals and plant palatability is learned, but in other cases there is evidence of an innate response. Habituation to deterrent chemicals has been demonstrated in the laboratory, but not in the field. Food aversion learning also occurs and may be important in dietary switching by polyphagous insects.     

四氯合金属(Ⅱ)酸双烷基铵的合成、结构和相变研究 I.(n-C_(12)H_(25)NH_3)_2MCI_4(M=Zn、Cu)

合成了二维片层化合物(n-C_(12)H_(25)NH_3)_2MCl_4(M=Zn、Cu),并且用元素分析和富里叶变换红外光谱对其进行了表征、用热分析法确定了它们的分解温度、相变温度和相变焓。     

释"臬"

文章分析了“臬”字的甲骨文形体，该词为上从“自”下从“木”的会意字。在综合考察“臬”的形体构造、“臬”一词在早期典籍中的用法以及“臬”的同源词的情况以后，“臬”一词完整的发生背景可重构为：把刑罚所割去的鼻子置于树干上当作箭靶来射。     

生物洗涤器处理挥发性有机废气的应用研究

对生物洗涤器处理低流量、高浓度挥发性有机废气进行了研究，考察了高浓度下的有机废气净化作用。实验研究表明：正常运行情况下生物洗涤器对高浓度有机废气具有良好的净化效果，不同的污染物在相同的填料高度下具有一定的处理效率，这一成果填补了我国环保工业技术领域的空白，工程技术上接近现阶段国外的技术研究水平。     

硫化镍精矿焙烧动力学研究

用沸腾床研究了金川硫化镍精矿和天然纯镍黄铁矿焙烧动力学。利用H_2O_2溶液吸收SO_2、测其电导率、自动记录焙烧曲线。求得两种矿物的表面活化能分别为174.4和109.6kJ/mol。焙砂经电镜检验表明:进行部分氧化焙烧时,两种矿的镍黄铁矿粒内都发生铁向外、镍向内的金属离子逆向迁移。铁的硫化物优先氧化,形成铁的氧化物壳层,而镍则富集在矿粒内部,与硫共存,不氧化。     

Inhibitory effects of phenolic compounds on CCl4-induced microsomal lipid peroxidation

Summary The antiperoxidative effects of 35 phenolic compounds, most of them belonging to the flavonoid class, were investigated using CCl₄-induced peroxidation of rat liver microsomes. This system was rather insensitive to gallic acid, methyl gallate and ellagic acid. Nevertheless it was inhibited by flavonoids and structure/activity relationships were established. The most potent compounds were gardenin D, luteolin, apigenin (flavones), datiscetin, morin, galangin (flavonols), eriodictyol (flavanone), amentoflavone (biflavone) and the reference compound, (+)-catechin. The natural polymethoxyflavone gardenin D has shown a potency comparable to that of (+)-catechin and higher than that of silybin. Thus, it may be considered as a new type of natural antioxidant with potential therapeutical applications.     

硫磷酸硫化氧钼减摩剂中硫代过氧二磷酸酯的作用

本文在四球机上研究了四异丙基硫代过氧二磷酸酯对二异丙基二硫代磷酸硫化氧钼摩擦磨损性能的影响。发现硫代过氧二磷酸酯(TPDP)对硫磷酸硫化氧钼(MoDDP)的抗磨减摩性能有协同作用。俄歇电子能谱(AES)分析的结果表明,TPDP的存在,能提高表面膜中Mo、S的含量,并给出一种可能的作用途径。     

硅灰混凝土超高强机理的分析探讨

本文在研究硅灰活性的基础上,详细阐述了硅灰混凝土增强机理,指出采用“双掺技术”生产超高强混凝土是现阶段取得良好经济效益的重要途径。     

苯甲腈类有机污染物在水中光化学降解的研究

以５００Ｗ中压汞灯为光源，对２１种苯甲腈类化合物在水溶液中的光化学降解（下简称光解）进行了研究。结果表明，该类化合物的光解符合一级动力学反应方程，半衰期均小于３５ｍｉｎ。实验证明存在基态电荷转移络合物（ＣｈａｒｇｅＴｒａｎｓｆｅｒＣｏｍｐｌｅｘ，下简称ＣＴＣ），并认为是引起光氧化反应的重要因素。苯环上斥电子取代基、腐殖酸、一些无机盐、酸性或碱性介质、温度等均能加快反应，但吸电子取代基会减慢反应、本文还以日光为光源对几种苯甲腈类化合物在天然水中进行了光解研究，表明光解速率较慢，推测反应主要是水中可溶解有机物（下简称ＤＯＭ）的光敏化所致。