Geochemical characteristics and zones of surface snow on east Antarctic Ice Sheet

The surface-snow geochemical characteristics are discussed on the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, depending on the stable isotopes ratios of oxygen and hydrogen, concentration of impurities (soluble-ions and insoluble micro-particle) in surface snow collected on the ice sheet. The purpose is to study geochemical zones on the East Antarctic Ice Sheet and to research sources and transportation route of the water vapor and the impurities in surface snow. It has been found that the ratio coefficients, as S1, d1 in the equation δD =S1δ^18O d1, are changed near the elevation 2000 m on the ice sheet. The weight ratio of Cl^-/Na^ at the area below the elevation of 2000 m is close to the ratio in the sea salt; but it is about 2 times that of the sea salt, at the inland area up to the elevation of 2000 m. The concentrations of non-sea-salt Ca^2 ion (nssCa^2 ) and fine-particle increase at the interior up to the elevation 2000 m. At the region below the elevation of 2000 m, the impurity concentration is decreasing with the elevation increasing. Near coastal region, the surface snow has a high concentration of impurity, where the elevation is below 800 m. Combining the translating processes of water.vapor and impurities, it suggests that the region up to the elevation 2000 m is affected by large-scale circulation with longitude-direction, and that water-vapor and impurities in surface snow come from long sources. The region below the elevation 2000 m is affected by some strong cyclones acting at peripheral region of the ice sheet, and the sources of water and impurities could be at high latitude sea and coast. The area below elevation 800 m is affected by local coastal cyclones.     

近3000年来中国气候变化及对社会经济发展的影响综述

本文对近3000年来气候变化以及重大自然灾害发生的规律性，尤其是近五百年的小冰期的气候特点进行了总结和分析，并对气候变化对社会经济影响的研究成果加以概括，在此基础上提出了自己的观点和设想，以期对人类的生产生活产生一定的指导意义．     

冰层厚度自动化观测系统的试验研究

以河冰为例,在实验室中进行了三个冰生消变化过程中直流电微弱传导性质的试验。通过对大量测量数据的抽样分析,验证了冰的直流电传导性;总结了冰在生消变化过程中其直流传导性与冰、传导距离、直流电压的关系,得出了冰具有直流电微弱传导特性。利用这一性质,结合单片机及计算机图形学技术来实现对冰的生消变化及冰层厚度进行自动化观测。该研究成果可用于极地海冰厚度的自动化监测,为极地海冰厚度变化过程监测提供技术基础。     

Forcing mechanisms for East-Asia monsoonal variations during the late pleistocene

Based on the climate records derived from loess deposits in north-central China, the characteristics of the East-Asia paleomonsoonal changes during the Late Pleistocene are summarized as follows: (ⅰ) The 0.1_Ma climate period is predominant in both summer and winter monsoonal changes over East Asia; (ⅱ) The East-Asia monsoonal variation is different from the Indian monsoon during the Late Pleistocene; (ⅲ) There is a ～5_ka time lag of the East-Asia monsoon changes relative to the theoretically calculated solar radiation changes; (ⅳ) There is a general trend toward increase in winter monsoon and decrease in summer monsoon in the last glaciation; (ⅴ) In the East-Asia monsoonal region, the amplitude of glacial-to-interglacial cycles shows a remarkable increase from south to north. To explain these characteristics, a conceptual model is developed and the forcing of global ice volume variations in the monsoonal history is emphasized.     

钢筋钢纤维混凝土无腹筋梁抗剪性能的试验研究

通过对试验结果的分析，讨论了钢筋钢纤维混凝土无腹筋梁剪切破坏的类型和特点，以及影响其抗剪强度的因素。     

钢筋混凝土结构有限元法分析

本文对钢筋混凝土非线性有限元法计算模型作了较系统的分析,对计算结果与试验结果作了比较.为了考虑裂缝间受拉区混凝土的工作,在破坏单元处理中提出了释放力系数ZC,并在全过程非线性研究的基础上对系数ZC进行了分析.     

Reconstruction of temperature series of China for the last 1000 years

This paper reports a study on reconstructing temperature series for ten regions of China over the last 1000 years with a time resolution of 10 a. The regions concerned are: Northeast, North, East, South China, Taiwan, Central, Southwest, Northwest China, Xinjiang and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A variety of proxy data, such as ice core, tree-rings, stalagmites, peat, lake sediments, pollen and historical records, were validated with instrumental observations made in the last 120 years, and applied in the recon- struction of the temperature series. A temperature series for whole China is then established by aver- aging the ten regional series with a weighting proportional to the area of each region. Finally, tem- perature variations for the last 1000 years are examined, with special focus placed on the characteris- tics of the Medieval Warm Period (MWP), the Little Ice Age (LIA), and Modern Warming (MW).     

Global mean temperature changes during the last millennium

A synthetic study is made on the global or hemispheric mean temperature series for the last millennium worked out by Mann et al., Jones et al., Crowley and Lowery, and Briffa. The global mean temperature series reconstructed by using proxy data at 30 sites by Wang et al. and simulations from AD 1000 to 2000 by energy balance model are described and compared with the series of others. Wang's series gives greater variability and shows the highest correlation coefficient (0.83) with the simulation results. Uncertainties in the reconstructions and simulations are discussed. The errors in reconstructing a global mean temperature series according to 30 sites as used in the research are estimated. Wang's series indicate that temperature average for the 11th century is higher than the mean of the last millennium. It infers that the Medieval Warm Period predominated to some extent over the globe. However, the 20th century is no doubt the warmest century during the last millennium.     

熔融拉锥控制系统的改进

光纤耦合器是光纤系统中的一种重要无源器件，已广泛地应用于光纤通信网、光纤传感器以及相干光检测中，因此制造符合要求的、性能可靠的、大批量的光纤耦合器越来越受到人们的重视．为了减小加工过程中操作的不一致性，提高系统稳定性和产品成品率，在当前普遍采用的熔融拉锥控制系统的基础上，提出了两点改进方案，即通过增加张力传感装置和图像处理系统，使控制系统的自动化程度更高，从而进一步减少人为因素的影响．实际生产中的结果证明，采用改进后的控制系统，无论是加工标准耦合器还是保偏耦合器，在拥有较好参数的同时，还可以获得更高的成品率．     

碳纤维增强混凝土结构温度应力的弹性解

针对混凝土与碳纤维热膨胀系数不同的特点，首先根据界面上变形协调与截面上内力平衡，导出了变温工况下混凝土梁与碳纤维内部温度应力的计算公式，并分析了影响温度应力的主要参数。然后针对实际问题将解析解与有限元分析结果进行对比，证实了利用解析方法可对温度应力进行正确的计算，说明了在加固设计中考虑温度应力的必要性。