葡萄幼胚培养技术的研究(Ⅱ)——接种时间及处理方法对胚培养的影响

选用花后35￣60d的巨峰、里扎马特和无核白葡萄,取其幼胚接种于不同激素水平M S培养基上,进行胚培养,以研究接种时间及处理方法对胚培养的影响.结果表明对花后60d的里扎玛特和巨峰的幼胚进行胚培养,其发芽率和成苗率显著高于层积处理后催芽播种的种子的发芽率与出苗率.低温和横切处理能有效地促进葡萄幼胚的萌发.花后60d的巨峰和里扎马特的发育率和成苗率最高;花后60d的无核白的幼胚发育率最高,花后50d的幼胚成苗率最高.     

Development and characterization of interspecific hybrids between <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis> and <Subscript>O. latifolia</Subscript> by <Subscript>in situ</Subscript> hybridization

Oryza sativa and O. latifolia belong to the AA and CCDD genomes of Oryza, respectively. In this study, interspecific hybrids of these species were obtained using the embryo rescue technique. Hybrid panicle traits, such as long awns, small grain, exoteric large purple stigma, grain shattering and dispersed panicles, resemble that of the paternal parent, O. latifolia, whereas there is obvious heterosis in such respects as plant height, tillering ability and vegetative vigor. Chromosome pairing and the genomic components of the hybrid were subsequently investigated using genomic in situ hybridization （GISH） and fluorescent in situ hybridization （FISH） analysis. Based on the mitotic metaphase chromosome numbers of the root tips investigated, the hybrid is a triploid with 36 chromosomes. The genomic constitution of the hybrid is ACD. In the meiotic metaphase Ⅰ of the hybrid pollen mother cell, poor chromosome pairing was identified and most of the chromosomes were univalent, which resulted in complete male sterility in the hybrid.     

2,4-D和6-BA对水稻愈伤组织培养力的影响

以梗稻“日本晴”成熟种子诱导愈伤组织,统计愈伤诱导率及绿苗分化率,分析培养基中2,4-D和6-BA的不同浓度配比对培养力的影响,得到二者的最适配比,愈伤组织的质量和组织培养中再生植株的频率都有较大提高．实验结果表明：2,4-D是诱导愈伤组织必不可少的因子,与6-BA配合使用对愈伤组织的培养效果更好．对“日本晴”而言,当2,4-D为2．0mg／L,6-BA为0．5mg／L时愈伤组织的诱导率最高;当2,4-D为2．0mg／L,6-BA为0．2mg／L时,绿苗分化率和培养力最高．     

蟾蜍胚胎生长发育过程的核磁共振研究

本文包含两个方面的内容,其一是,用核磁共振的自旋回波谱仪获得了蟾蜍胚胎不同生长发育阶段与纵向弛豫时间之间的关系,弛豫时间有一个最大值,它能给我们很有用的信息;其另一内容是,在蟾蜍胚胎的不同生长发育阶段进行不同物理刺激作用,发现在弛豫时间小的那些阶段中,刺激后使生长发育期缩短。     

蟾蜍胚胎生长发育过程的核磁共振研究

本文包含两个方面的内容,其一是,用核磁共振的自旋回波谱仪获得了蟾蜍胚胎不同生长发育阶段与纵向弛豫时间之间的关系,弛豫时间有一个最大值,它能给我们很有用的信息;其另一内容是,在蟾蜍胚胎的不同生长发育阶段进行不同物理刺激作用,发现在弛豫时间小的那些阶段中,刺激后使生长发育期缩短.     

革苞菊胚胎学研究Ⅱ——双受精过程及胚和胚乳发育

革苞菊成熟胚囊为蓼型。受精前,一个助细胞退化,两极核融合为次生核,卵具明显极性。花粉管从胚珠的珠孔处穿过一个助细胞进入胚囊,释放内容物后,残留一段时间即消失。进入胚囊的一个精子与卵细胞融合,其融合过程为有丝分裂前配子配合型。另一个精子与次生核融合后,形成初生胚乳核。细胞型胚乳,胚胎发现为紫菀型。胚柄不发达,具胚柄吸器。     

朝鲜鹌鹑耳蜗的组织发生

以朝鲜鹌鹑胚胎和幼体的内耳为材料,用组织学方法对内耳的发育过程进行研究。孵化３６ｈ,听基板已形成;孵化７２ｈ,听泡形成;孵化４ｄ,基乳突形成;孵化６ｄ,毛细胞分化出来;孵化１６ｄ,内耳结构基本发育完成;出壳后,其结构继续发育完善。 发育结果显示：螺旋神经节细胞和毛细胞优先发育,附属结构在其后发育。     

野大麦耐盐变异体的筛选和植株再生

以野大麦的成熟胚为外植体诱国组织,选取淡黄色,易碎的胚佃组织为材料,进行细胞悬浮培养。     

锁阳(Cynomorium songaricum)胚胎学研究Ⅱ.胚和胚乳的发育

锁阳（Ｃ．ｓｏｎｇａｒｉｃｕｍＲｕｐｒ．）的胚乳为细胞型胚乳,初生胚乳核第一次分裂即形成细胞壁．种子成熟后,胚乳多层,壁内突的胚乳细胞在中心围绕着胚．合子第一次分裂为横分裂,形成珠孔端基细胞和合点端顶细胞;基细胞具液泡,顶细胞纵裂二次,分别形成二分体和四分体,以后进行各方向分裂形成球形原胚,基细胞参与胚体形成球形原胚,基细胞参与胚体形成,成熟种子中胚为球形原胚     

The internal structure of Early Cambrian fossil embryo Olivooides revealed in the light of Synchrotron X-ray Tomographic Microscopy

Countless fossil embryo Olivooides and the hatched larvae,juveniles and adults(the latter two kinds are Punctatus) are recovered by means of acid maceration from the fine-crystalline to medium-crystalline phosphatic limestone and phosphatic micrite of Early Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation at the Shizhonggou section,near Kuanchuanpu Village,Ningqiang County,Shaanxi Province,China.Using the technique of Synchrotron X-ray Tomographic Microscopy,the 3D internal structure of Olivooides and Punctatus is reconstructed.The morphological and statistic analyses are also given to the stellae structure of Olivooides and Punctatus,which indicates that this structure is a result of adaptive evolution to a lifestyle of fast-attaching after hatching,probably with the function of mucilage secretion.The internal structure of Punctatus is described and discussed.The ovum-like structure,a common internal feature of Punctatus,is considered as the taphonomic structure,rather than eggs or other biological structure.This structure is thought to be formed after the burial of the animal and before or during the mineralization.The original internal structure of Punctatus is assumed to be tabulae-filled,with soft body grown on them.