脱水对番木瓜体细胞胚贮藏和萌发的影响

由悬浮培养获得的番木瓜体细胞胚含水量高达90％以上，成苗率低，不能贮藏。经脱水，含水量为50％－70％的干燥体细胞胚在MSO培养基上的成苗率为82％，在室温（25℃）下贮藏60天后存活率为83％。贮藏期间体细胞胚无一萌, 但含水量小于30％的干燥体细胞胚存活率低。扫描电镜观察表明，新鲜细胞胚表面存在很多突出细胞，当体细胞胚萌发时，这些细胞进一步分裂，形成愈伤组织或次级体细胞胚，妨碍体细胞胚的正常萌发。而含水量50％－70％的干燥体细胞胚表面细胞枯死，但生长点却完成无损。     

间隙连接在鸡胚水晶体发育中的作用

初步报道已揭示，单克隆抗体ＮＤ６可影响鸡胚水晶体的发育，使之明显增大．ＮＤ６是一种被认为专一于膜蛋白ＭＰ２６细胞外侧段的单抗．ＭＰ２６已被认为是水晶体纤维细胞间隙连接的成份．因此，ＮＤ６很可能可阻断水晶体纤维细胞间隙连接的形成．本人试图用定量显微镜技术证实ＮＤ６对水晶体发育的影响与间隙连接数量减少之间的相关性。注射ＮＤ６于２０期鸡胚的右眼；同胚未注射的左眼作为对照．培养２４ｈ后周定，然后作下列三种处理：（１）测量整体水晶体的大小；（２）制备水晶体超薄切片，并统计间隙连接数量；（３）制备鸡胚头部的连续石蜡切片，并统计水晶体纤维细胞的数量．实验结果指出，在ＮＤ６处理２４ｈ，水晶体大小及纤维细胞数量均比对照组明显增大（表１，Ｐ＜０．０１或０．００１）；而间隙连接数量则比对照组明显减少（表２），Ｐ＜０．００１）．这表明，水晶体的增大及纤维细胞的增多是由间隙连接的减少所引起．这些结果证实，间隙连接在鸡胚水晶体的发育中起重要作用．     

The effect of scale changes on repetitive patterns: Influence of 6-aminonicotinamide on feather germ number

There are many examples of patterned developing systems which are size invariant: if the total size of the system is reduced, then the pattern responds by changing its scale in such a way that the number of pattern elements remains constant. This phenomenon is one of the bases which underaly the formulation of the concept of positional information, one of the great unifying ideas in developmental biology. However, there are less common examples of patterns which are size dependent. In these, alterations of overall size lead to a reduction in pattern elements. Such size-dependent patterns are therefore of theoretical interest. Here we describe how the number of feather germs along the wing bud of the developing chick embryo responds to shortening of the limb, and consider the implications of these observations.     

Ventral neural tube cells differentiate into hepatocytes in the chick embryo

A population of ventral neural tube cells has recently been shown to migrate out of the hind brain neural tube via the vagus nerve and contribute to the developing gastrointestinal tract. Since liver is also innervated by the vagus nerve, we sought to determine if these cells also migrate into the liver. Ventral neural tube cells in the caudal hindbrain of chick embryos were tagged with a replication-deficient retroviral vector containing the LacZ gene on embryonic day 2. Embryos were processed for detection of labeled cells on embryonic day 5 and 11. Labeled cells were seen in the liver on both days and identified as hepatocytes. Previously, it was believed that all hepatocytes develop from the gut endoderm. Results of the present study show an additional source for the formation of liver cells. Received 25 August 1998; received after revision 5 November 1998; accepted 5 November 1998     

Development and characterization of interspecific hybrids between <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis> and <Subscript>O. latifolia</Subscript> by <Subscript>in situ</Subscript> hybridization

Oryza sativa and O. latifolia belong to the AA and CCDD genomes of Oryza, respectively. In this study, interspecific hybrids of these species were obtained using the embryo rescue technique. Hybrid panicle traits, such as long awns, small grain, exoteric large purple stigma, grain shattering and dispersed panicles, resemble that of the paternal parent, O. latifolia, whereas there is obvious heterosis in such respects as plant height, tillering ability and vegetative vigor. Chromosome pairing and the genomic components of the hybrid were subsequently investigated using genomic in situ hybridization （GISH） and fluorescent in situ hybridization （FISH） analysis. Based on the mitotic metaphase chromosome numbers of the root tips investigated, the hybrid is a triploid with 36 chromosomes. The genomic constitution of the hybrid is ACD. In the meiotic metaphase Ⅰ of the hybrid pollen mother cell, poor chromosome pairing was identified and most of the chromosomes were univalent, which resulted in complete male sterility in the hybrid.     

传染性法氏囊病病毒在鸡胚细胞上的优化繁殖

研究了传染性法氏囊病病毒在鸡胚细胞上繁殖上的优化条件，结果表明，鸡胚细胞体外增殖培养后对ＩＢＤＶ的敏感性并不减弱，而且有提高。维持培养基中血清浓度的变化对病毒的繁殖影响不大。     

根癌农杆菌介导苜蓿体胚转化及转基因植株再生

用含质粒载体pCAMBIA2301(带有受CaMV35S启动子调控的GUS基因和nptⅡ基因)的根癌农杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciens转化晋南苜蓿Medicago sativa L.cv.Jinnan的体胚组织,发现负压处理有利于提高转化频率(可达35%),3批共158个体胚切块的转化实验共获得具有卡那霉素抗性的再生植株15株,经组织化学染色和分子检测,证实GUS基因已整合到转化植株基因组中,在芽、叶片、叶柄和根等组织中均有表达,并在土壤栽培过程中保持稳定的表达.     

Fibronectin peptide DRVPHSRNSIT and fibronectin receptor peptide DLYYLMDL arrest gastrulation ofRana pipiens

Gastrulation is characterized by dramatic cell migration which is thought to require the interaction of cell adhesion molecules with extracellular molecules. We have tested two novel peptides, a fibronectin peptide and a fibronectin receptor peptide, for their effects on gastrulation of the leopard frogRana pipiens. The fibronectin peptide DRVPHSRNSIT corresponds to residues 1373–1383 of the cell-binding domain of fibronectin; the receptor peptide DLYYLMDL corresponds to residues 124–131 of 1 subunit of a variety of integrins including 51. Either of these peptides significantly inhibited gastrulation after being microinjected into mid-blastulae. These results indicate that these sequences may correspond to the ligand/receptor interaction sites of fibronectin and its receptor(s).     

环境因素对牛蛙胚胎发育的影响

本文对影响牛蛙胚胎发育的四种主要环境因素作了系统的研究。牛蛙胚胎发育的上限致死温度为36℃,下限温度为12℃,适宜温度为20～33℃,最适温度范围为26、30℃;在适宜温度范围内,随着温度的升高,胚胎发育速度加快,在水温30℃时,胚胎发育的速度比在20℃时快一倍。胚胎发育的不同阶段对水中溶氧量的要求不同,在心跳期以前,水中溶氧量必须保持在3.5mg/升以上;在鳃盖完成期以前应保持在5.1mg/升以上,29天以上的蝌蚪对溶氧的要求又比较低。孵化用水的pH值应保持在6.5～7.5的范围内。剧烈的机械振荡对早期胚胎有明显的不良影响。     

四川栽培小麦幼胚培养再分化能力变异性的研究

以N6为基本培养基，对四川栽培小麦品种、品系以及农家品种共45个基因型的幼胚离体培养，进行了植株再生能力变异性的研究。结果表明，供试材料间的形态发生能力存在明显变异，表现为器官建成速度明显不同，芽器官和根器官再生率存在极显著差异，分别变异在15．00％－95．45％和0－95．45％之间，由每个幼胚外植体起源的愈伤组织再生出1．0cm以上的芽数及其芽长均存在极显著差异。