Ferroelectricity of nanocrystalline BaTiO<Subscript>3</Subscript> ceramics by first principle calculation

The vibrational modes of BaTiO₃ in different crystalline phases have been investigated by means of density functional theory pseudo potential method. The evidence of tetragonal to orthorhombic and orthorhombic to rhombohedral phase transitions present for 8 nm BaTiO₃ ceramics further demonstrates that the similar successive transitions in 8 nm BaTiO₃ ceramics from rhombohedral to orthorhombic, tetragonal and cubic transitions are as those in coarse BaTiO₃ ceramics.     

GMI磁场测量仪的研究

利用铁基纳米微晶材料的巨磁阻抗效应设计制作了一种新型的磁场测量仪,并对其性能进行了测试．实验结果表明,该磁场测量仪具有良好的性能,用作弱磁场探测时优于高斯计．     

Fe-Si-B-Nb-Cu-Zr非晶（纳米晶）合金的磁性机理研究

采用单辊甩带法制取了Fe-Si-B-Nb-Cu-Zr非晶合金薄带。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）等手段对非晶态和晶化后的薄带的微观结构和磁性能进行了表征和测试,研究了Fe-Si-B-Nb-Cu-Zr合金中磁性能随着Zr含量以及退火温度变化的磁性机理。结果表明,在铸态Fe-...     

纳米压痕法测量纳米晶金属Cu薄膜力学性能的研究

采用纳米压痕法测量了不同厚度（180～1000nm）的纳米晶Cu膜的硬度和弹性模量.结果表明,Cu膜硬度与厚度的关系类似于Hall-Petch关系,而弹性模量与厚度无关,其值相比块体粗晶Cu下降了约20%,分析位移-载荷曲线发现晶粒尺寸越大的Cu膜其位移跳跃现象越明显.另外,对于不同厚度的Cu膜其临界剪切应力的范围约在3.02～4.07GPa之间,基本接近粗晶Cu的理论剪切强度,位错塞积依然是其塑性变形的主要机制.     

纳米CeO2粉体发光性能的研究

采用草酸沉淀法制备了纳米CeO2粉体,通过XRD、TEM等测试手段对其进行了结构表征和形貌分析;应用荧光光谱法对样品的发光性能进行了测试;探讨了纳米CeO2粉体的发光机理以及热处理温度对其发光性能的影响．结果表明,实验所得的纳米CeO2为立方萤石结构,其颗粒尺寸约为20-30nm,形貌接近于球形．纳米CeO2粉体具有良好的紫蓝色发光性能,主要是Ce4f→O2p跃迁和缺陷能级→O2p跃迁共同作用的结果,其发光强度随热处理温度的升高而增强．     

γ′-Fe4N纳米晶薄膜的结构及低温磁性

采用直流磁控溅射方法, 在Si(100)单晶衬底上制备γ′-Fe₄N纳米晶薄膜样品, 并利用X射线衍射(XRD)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对样品的结构和磁性进行测试分析, 给出了比饱和磁化强度及矫顽力与温度的关系. 结果表明, 样品沿(111)晶面择优生长, 具有单一的易磁化方向, 且易磁化方向平行于（111）晶面. 随着测量温度的降低, γ′-Fe₄N纳米晶薄膜样品的比饱和磁化强度σ_s增加, 矫顽力H_c增大, 剩磁比σ_r/σ_s减小. 通过理论拟合确定了比饱和磁化强度与矫顽力随温度的变化关系, 矫顽力随温度的变化满足T^1/2规律, 比饱和磁化强度σ_s与温度不满足Bloch的T^3/2规律, 表明在80~350 K温度范围内自旋波之间存在较强的相互作用.      

High-pressure synthesis and properties of CeO2-ZrO2 solid solution

Using nanoparticles of CeO₂ and ZrO₂ prepared by the chemical precipitation method as starting materials, the singlephase cubic Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ solid solution (cCe_0.5Zr_0.5O₂) has been synthesized under 3.1 GPa at 1073 K for the first time. The structure of the c-Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ has not been changed before and after annealing at 773 K for 1 h. Only an unknown EPR signal (g =1.990) has been observed in the c-Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ and not varied after annealing at 773 K for 1 h, which exhibited that there exists no Ce³⁺ in the c-Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ and the Ce⁴⁺ has not been reduced into Ce³⁺ after annealing. The transport mechanism is ionic for the c-Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂. The bulk conductivity (σ =1.2 ×10⁻⁵ S/cm at 823 K, σ=2.1 × 10⁻³ S/cm at 1123 K) is the same as that of CeO₂, but smaller than that of Y₂O₃-stabilized ZrO₂. A marked curvature at T = 823 K has been observed in the Arrhenius plot of the bulk conductivity. The activation energy below 823 K is lower than that above 823 K, and the reason has been discussed.     

快速凝固AlFeVSiNd纳米合金薄带时效过程

采用透射电镜和X射线衍射谱研究了快凝AlFeVSiNd弥散纳米晶合金薄带在时效处理过程中微结构变化,结果表明:快凝AlFeVSiNd纳米晶合金微结构随热处理温度而变化,先是出现元素偏聚现象,而后,Al8Fe4Nd相开始溶解,同时αAl13(Fe,V)3Si相开始析出·测量了时效处理前后样品的力学性能,出现类似传统铝合金时效硬化的现象·     

Fe63.5Cr10Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9非晶和纳米晶合金的巨磁阻抗效应

研究了退火处理引起结构上的变化对Fe63.5Cr10Cu1Nb3Si13．5B9非晶合金磁阻抗效应的影响,实验结果的分析表明,在测量的频段(0．2～10MHz)内巨磁阻抗效应可归因于偏置场引起的环向磁化率的改变,良好的软磁性是获得大的磁阻抗效应的重要条件．     

BaTiO3纳米晶的制备和表征

以硬脂酸、氢氧化钡和钛酸四丁酯为原料,用Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ法合成了纳米级ＢａＴｉＯ３。在空气中以高于６００℃的几个不同温度下焙烧凝得到不同粒径的纳米晶,用ＩＲ、ＤＴＡ表征了从前体到凝胶、凝胶到结晶的转变过程。ＢａＴｉＯ３纳米晶样品通过ＴＥＭ考察其粒度和形貌,用粒度分布测定仪测试其粒径分布并与ＴＥＭ的结果比较,由ＸＲＤ表征其晶相。