Analysis of fragrance composition in three cultivars of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Osmanthus fragrans</Emphasis> Albus group flower by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

With supercritical CO2 fluid extraction(SCFE), essential oil was extracted from three cultivars of Xianning osmanthus. The fresh osmanthus flower was processed with a petroleum ether digestion method to produce the extractum. The yields of essential oil and extractum were 0.19 % and 0.13 % (m/m) respectively. The essential oil and fragrance composition and content extracted were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The result showed that essential oil contained 36.99%(area/total area) of ionone, ionol and 13.11% of linalool; ionone and ionol contained in extractum were as high as up to 33.33%, while linalool up to 21.92%. Whether essential oil or extractum contains only about 40% fat acid and other ester matters. None of environmental estrogen (phthalic ester) was found in fragrance ingredients. The result also showed that the quality of O. fragrans Albus group fragrance in Xianning is better than that produced in Hangzhou and Anhui districts.     

FTIR assessment of the secondary structure of proteins in human breast benign and malignant tissues

The compositions of the secondary structures of protein in the human breast normal, hyperplasia, fibroadenoma and invasive ductal carcinoma tissues have been estimated from the Fourier self deconvolved spectra, the second derivative spectra and the curve-fitting analysis of the amide I bands in their spectra. Some parameters of the secondary structures of proteins in these 4 types of tissues are significantly different and located in separate ranges. Fibroadenoma tissue demonstrates the most remarkable difference in the compositions of α-helical and atypical helical structures. The carcinoma tissue has the highest ratio of the intermolecular β-sheet content and the intramolecular β-sheet content. This noticeable difference in the secondary structure may have important implications for analyzing the properties and types of human breast disease.     

海洋放射性现场探测谱仪的机械优化设计

为提高海洋放射性现场探测NaI(Tl)谱仪的探测性能,采用蒙特卡罗仿真和统计计算方法,研究和分析谱仪封装、材料和尺寸等机械设计对探测性能的影响规律。综合考虑伽马射线衰减和密封、耐压及耐腐蚀等要求,开展谱仪的机械优化设计和海上现场检测实验。优化谱仪达到了对40K最小探测活度约0.30 Bq/L,现场测量相对误差为0.45%。该研究对海洋放射性现场探测谱仪的性能优化设计和现场应用具有重要的指导意义。     

对光栅衍射实验中衍射条纹宽度的分析

通过对光栅衍射实验中衍射条纹宽度成因的分析,阐明实验中观测到的衍射条纹宽度主要是由平行光管的狭缝的宽度引起的,特别是在衍射角θ≤30°的小角度衍射、光栅常数a=1/300 mm,其效应大约是其他展宽效应总和的35~85倍。     

聚内消旋乳酸/聚乙烯醇, 聚内消旋乳酸/聚乙二醇300,聚内消旋乳酸/聚己内酯共混物的相容性及氢键作用

利用DSC(差示扫描热分析)和FTIR(傅立叶红外光谱)表征技术研究了PDLLA/PVA,PDLLA/PEG300,PDLLA/PCL三种共混物的相容性.结果发现:PDLLA/PVA共混物和PDLLA/PEG300共混物相容性较好,随着PEG用量的增加,其在共混物中的增塑作用更加明显;而PDLLA/PCL共混物的两组分不能互溶.FTIR研究表明,在氢键作用下共混物的相容性得到加强,PDLLA/PCL无氢键作用.     

氯化钾对尼龙66的聚集态结构的影响

采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、傅立叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)方法研究KCl对尼龙66聚集态结构的影响。研究结果表明加入KCl能够明显地改变尼龙66的聚集态结构。红外光谱结果证实钾离子能够插入尼龙66分子链,与尼龙66分子链上的羰基发生配位作用,破坏尼龙66的氢键,降低了尼龙66分子链的规整性,使尼龙66的聚集态结构发生改变。尼龙66与KCl之间的这种相互作用可能为发展一种尼龙加工制造新方法提供新的机会。     

季铵盐型壳聚糖衍生物的合成与抗菌性能

以壳聚糖为载体,以硝酸铈铵作引发剂,用甲基丙烯酰氧乙基-十六烷基-二甲基溴化铵为活性单体进行接枝共聚反应制备季铵盐型壳聚糖衍生物.用核磁共振和红外光谱对接枝产物进行了表征和测定,用悬菌定量实验研究了其抗菌性能.结果表明:甲基丙烯酰氧乙基-十六烷基-二甲基溴化铵通过其双键可以接枝到壳聚糖表面;所制备的壳聚糖季铵盐衍生物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌以及白色念珠菌在振荡作用15 m in后,平均杀菌率分别为99.99%、99.99%和99.96%.     

光谱仪焦平面阵列非均匀性校正的研究

针对成像光谱仪相关技术要求,对辐射源定标焦平面阵列非均匀性校正的数学方法进行了深入研究,导出了适于成像光谱仪应用的相关算法并分析了其特点,实验结果表明焦平面阵列非均匀性校正算法能有效提高成像光谱仪干涉图的成像质量,显著提高光谱复原的精确性.     

计算机辅助解析FTIR定量研究蛋白质构象的应用进展

综述了计算机辅助解析傅里叶变换红外光谱在蛋白质构象定量研究中的应用进展,简要介绍了红外光谱测定及二阶导数谱、去卷积和曲线拟合等计算机数学处理方法.对已有的研究结果进行了分类总结,最后讨论了该领域中存在的问题和发展方向.     

混凝-水解-接触氧化处理造纸漂白废水的研究

本文研究了混凝,厌氧酸化,生物接触氧化一体化反应器处理造纸制浆含氯漂白废水,在水力停留时间为15h时,整个系数CODcr总去除率达88．1％,BOD5去除率达81％,AOX去除率达98．4％,毒性值去除了92％,絮凝单元去除的主要是大分子氯代有机物,厌氧单元通过还原脱氯及酸性水解,氯代有机物得到了基本的去除;好氧单元对COD有较高的去除率,红外光谱的分析结果表明：废水中既有木素又有纤维素和半纤维素,虽然漂白废水厌氧处理效果不如好氧处理,但厌氧,好氧联合处理可有效地提高其处理效果。