刑罚存在和刑量判断的经济学分析

把刑罚存在看成是基于犯罪治理的一个社会经济系统工程。刑罚的存在是基于社会次优的考虑，因而刑量判断不仅要考虑到对罪犯的人身制裁，而且要考虑到由犯罪所导致的经济损失度其补偿。     

外场作用下CO2分子结构及特性研究

以CC-PVDZ为基组,采用筛选的B1B95密度泛函方法研究了不同外电场对CO2分子结构和特性的影响. 研究发现：CO2的结构参数与电场有明显的依赖关系;CO2分子体系的总能量、偶极矩及HOMO与LUMO能级均会受电场的影响;基于外电场对能隙的影响,可以发现外电场会影响CO2参与化学反应的能力;同时CO2红外光谱的特征峰与光谱强度均会受到外电场的影响,且在外电场作用下CO2还会产生新的红外特征峰,因此可通过外电场对分子红外光谱进行调控,进而便于捕捉相关谱图信息;最后通过考察CO2分子中1C-2O键的解离势垒受外电场的影响情况,发现1C-2O键解离势垒与外电场具有极高的相关性,研究结果为电场降解CO2提供了重要的理论依据.     

BonJour on explanation and skepticism

Laurence BonJour, among others, has argued that inference to the best explanation allows us to reject skeptical hypotheses in favor of our common-sense view of the world. BonJour considers several skeptical hypotheses, specifically: (i) our experiences arise by mere chance, uncaused; (ii) the simple hypothesis which states merely that our experiences are caused unveridically; and (iii) an elaborated hypothesis which explains in detail how our unveridical experiences are brought about. A central issue is whether the coherence of one’s experience makes that experience more likely to be veridical. BonJour’s recent treatment of “analog” and “digital” skeptical hypotheses is also discussed. I argue that, although there are important lessons to be learned from BonJour’s writings, his use of inference to the best explanation against skepticism is unsuccessful.     

优质客户信用风险的防范

尽管银行绝大部分利润来自于优质客户，但优质客户的信用风险也不容忽视。本文不仅从客户诚信缺损，银行风险控制不严等方面分析优质客户出现信用风险的直接原因，而且从信息不对称、法律体制和监管上存在的漏洞等方面分析了优质客户出现信用风险的深层次原因，进而提出相应的改进措施以防范风险。     

生态力概念

生态力指生物与环境之间物流、能流和信息流的驱动力。生态内力是生物的生理代谢活动能力，它把从环境中吸入的物、能转化为生物本体的物、能，并将部分内在的物、能输出体外，显示了生物本身的活力和生产力；生态外力则是环境综合作用向生物输送物、能的力量。生态内力与生态外力之和称为生态合力，它是生态动态平衡的指标，表示环境条件的适宜程度。生态力的研究尚属起步，其概念、理论和方法有待进一步发展和完善。     

320千安匝电流试验线圈设计及外磁场计算

本文论述了大电流试验线圈的设计及外磁场计算。结果表明,在相同条件下,文中设计的四个矩形线圈呈十字型排列的方案,比目前国内两个线圈并排放置的方案费用大为节省。     

金沙江河谷——水系演化的崩滑外动力作用研究

在进一步研究金沙江河谷——水系发育的构造——气候机理基础上,认识到:山区深切河谷中普遍存在着大型堰塞现象:在青藏高原东南边缘地区,由于新构造运动强烈和地震频发及大暴雨等,在山高谷深的金沙江河谷中导致大型滑坡、崩塌或其他形式的外动力作用等,阻塞河谷水流,形成河谷堰塞湖,在堰塞体上游河谷形成静水沉积;在一定时间与条件下,堰塞坝溃决,在其下河谷中形成更大更急水流,加速河谷下切速率与深度,导致更大地形高差;新一轮新构造运动强烈和地震及大暴雨等,导致新一轮大型滑坡、崩塌等,形成新一轮河谷堰塞湖……如此多次重复,逐步加快与促进金沙江河谷——水系向现代形态演化,从而构成了金沙江河谷——水系演化的一种外力动力作用。这一认识对进一步研究山区深切河谷——水系形成与演化、工程建设选址评估和进行灾害防治等有普遍的参考价值与意义。     

论防火墙体系结构

本文首先指出了计算机网络发展过程中的安全问题,然后给出了网络安全可行的解决方案——防火墙技术。实现防火墙的技术很多种。如包过滤、应用级网关、电路级网关和状态包检测等。针对这些不同的技术防火墙又有不同的结构,如双重宿主主机体系结构、被屏蔽主机体系结构和被屏蔽子网体系结构。本论文主要是分析、对比几种防火墙体系结构。     

A piecewise-integration method for simulating the influence of external forcing on climate

Climate drift occurs in most general circulation models （GCMs） as a result of incomplete physical and numerical representation of the complex climate system, which may cause large uncertainty in sensitivity experiments evaluating climate response to changes in external forcing. To solve this problem, we propose a piecewise-integration method to reduce the systematic error in climate sensitivity studies. The observations are firstly assimilated into a numerical model by using the dynamic relaxation technique to relax to the current state of atmosphere, and then the assimilated fields are continuously used to reinitialize the simulation to reduce the error of climate simulation. When the numerical model is integrated with changed external forcing, the results can be split into two parts, background and pertur- bation fields, and the background is the state before the external forcing is changed. The piecewise-integration method is used to con- tinuously reinitialize the model with the assimilated field, instead of the background. Therefore, the simulation error of the model with the external forcing can be reduced. In this way, the accuracy of climate sensitivity experiments is greatly improved. Tests with a simple low-order spectral model show that this approach can significantly reduce the uncertainty of climate sensitivity experiments.