改革有机化学实验教学提高学生综合实验能力

有机化学实验是一门重要的专业基础课,它与课程教学是相辅相成,密不可分的统一体.该文从加强学生基本操作训练,增加综合性设计性实验以及开放实验室等方面进行了有机化学实验改革的探讨.     

静态最优期货价差套利头寸比例估计

采用均值-方差期望效用函数,推导了在给定风险条件下,期望收益最大的最优价差套利头寸比例,并且引入常方差(双变量向量自回归和双变量协整模型)来估计方差一协方差矩阵,采用2000年1月至2006年4月上海和LME铜期货合约日收盘价进行了实证检验,结果表明:不同时间窗长度下,双变量协整的计算结果比向量自回归的计算结果平均收益较高而风险较小,而这两者都比1:1的价差套利头寸比例和直接统计的计算结果要好.计算结果也表明:采用日收益计算出的价差套利头寸比例在不同时间窗条件下也具有相当的稳定性和可靠性.     

有限分析法在潮流计算中的应用及问题探讨

应用有限分析法对二维潮流问题进行了研究,并用此法对长江口流场做了数值模拟计算,计算实例表明,有限分析法具有自动迎风性质,而且求解时,较易于获得稳定的收敛解,精度较高,结果表明,有限分析法可以用于计算流场,潮位的计算值与实际值吻合.     

中国古代的漏箭制度

漏箭是中国古代最主要的计时、守时的仪器漏刻中的显示时间推移的部件,在一年内,一般用多支漏箭来显示不同时日的时刻推移,人们先后取用不同的准则,制定了各异的漏箭制度.如有“一气一易”的48或25支漏箭制度,有“每差一刻为一箭”的41或21支漏箭制度.每支漏箭又各有不同的刻度方法,以符合实际时刻的推移.     

Microbes,mathematics, and models

Microbial model systems have a long history of fruitful use in fields that include evolution and ecology. In order to develop further insight into modelling practice, we examine how the competitive exclusion and coexistence of competing species have been modelled mathematically and materially over the course of a long research history. In particular, we investigate how microbial models of these dynamics interact with mathematical or computational models of the same phenomena. Our cases illuminate the ways in which microbial systems and equations work as models, and what happens when they generate inconsistent findings about shared targets. We reveal an iterative strategy of comparative modelling in different media, and suggest reasons why microbial models have a special degree of epistemic tractability in multimodel inquiry.     

Making the abstract concrete: The role of norms and values in experimental modeling

Experimental modeling is the construction of theoretical models hand in hand with experimental activity. As explained in Section 1, experimental modeling starts with claims about phenomena that use abstract concepts, concepts whose conditions of realization are not yet specified; and it ends with a concrete model of the phenomenon, a model that can be tested against data. This paper argues that this process from abstract concepts to concrete models involves judgments of relevance, which are irreducibly normative. In Section 2, we show, on the basis of several case studies, how these judgments contribute to the determination of the conditions of realization of the abstract concepts and, at the same time, of the quantities that characterize the phenomenon under study. Then, in Section 3, we compare this view on modeling with other approaches that also have acknowledged the role of relevance judgments in science. To conclude, in Section 4, we discuss the possibility of a plurality of relevance judgments and introduce a distinction between locally and generally relevant factors.     

What’s so special about model organisms?

This paper aims to identify the key characteristics of model organisms that make them a specific type of model within the contemporary life sciences: in particular, we argue that the term “model organism” does not apply to all organisms used for the purposes of experimental research. We explore the differences between experimental and model organisms in terms of their material and epistemic features, and argue that it is essential to distinguish between their representational scope and representational target. We also examine the characteristics of the communities who use these two types of models, including their research goals, disciplinary affiliations, and preferred practices to show how these have contributed to the conceptualization of a model organism. We conclude that model organisms are a specific subgroup of organisms that have been standardized to fit an integrative and comparative mode of research, and that it must be clearly distinguished from the broader class of experimental organisms. In addition, we argue that model organisms are the key components of a unique and distinctively biological way of doing research using models.     

The x-phi(les): unusual insights into the nature of inquiry

Experimental philosophy is often regarded as a category mistake. Even those who reject that view typically see it as irrelevant to standard philosophical projects. We argue that neither of these claims can be sustained and illustrate our view with a sketch of the rich interconnections with philosophy of science.     

Study on the REM Model for Group Decision Making

IntroductionAsocialchoicefunctionisamappingwhichassignsanonemptysubsetofthepotentialfeasiblesubsettoeachorderedpairconsistentofapotentialfeasiblesubsetofalternativesandascheduleorprofileofvoters'preferences.Consideranopinionaggregationprobleminwhichagroupofexpertsgivetheirscoresthatexpresstheirpreferencestoasetofalternativesanddesiretocombinetheirscoresintoasingleaggregationpreferenceoverthealternativeset.Theunderlyingideahereisthattheconsensusofnumerousexpertsresultsinasuperiorpreferenceonthe…     

典型信息法：中西文化互补与科学技术创新案例

记述笔者提出"典型信息法"假说,以中西文化互补的一种新形式,初步解决当代一项科学技术难题,经大量应用验证,得到国内外承认的心路历程;为中国传统文化与"象思维"在当代科学技术原始性创新中的关键作用,提供一个案例.