不同海拔三种橐吾属植物叶结构的适应意义

研究了分布于青藏高原东部3种橐吾属植物(掌叶橐吾、箭叶橐吾和黄帚橐吾)不同海拔高度9个居群的叶结构特征、空间位置及其存活策略;对一些适应性特征与高寒环境的关系进行了分析讨论.发现气孔密度、叶片厚度、海绵细胞和栅栏细胞层的分布及表皮毛和表面蜡质的覆盖程度随海拔的升高而增加,其中叶片厚度的增加主要是由于细胞间隙的增大;叶片空间位置在3种橐吾中没有出现一致性的变化;气孔大小、角质层厚度以及等面叶和异面叶与海拔变化无明显相关性,而后两种特征更多地代表着物种属性.研究结果显示在植物对高寒环境的适应及其存活策略中,形态及结构的改变起重要作用,并且这些改变具多样性.就叶的形态结构而言,3种橐吾属植物对高寒环境的存活对策是:黄帚橐吾主要采取逃避策略,箭叶橐吾为耐受适应,而生长在林下遮阴微生境中的掌叶橐吾主要表现为对稀薄空气和低氧胁迫的适应.     

沙枣叶中总黄酮的含量测定

目的:沙枣叶中总黄酮的含量测定.方法:用721分光光度计测其吸光度.结果:沙枣叶在19.5～117.1μg/ml线性关系良好,平均回收率97.844%,RSD=3.56%.结论:本方法简便易行,重现性良好.     

不同砧木嫁接艾思油栗对树体叶幕形成及早期产量的影响

用豫罗红栗做砧木嫁接板栗新品种艾思油栗,叶幕形成快,早期产量高.采用丁字形芽接或枝接,第2年就有产量,4年产量合计为每株7.8kg和17.2kg.按3 m×4 m株行距计算,折合产量可达6 585kg/hm2和14 340kg/hm2,超出豫南地区板栗平均单产的6倍以上.     

Identification of a novel DNA molecule associated with Tobacco leaf curl virus

A circular DNA molecule, designated as DNAβ, was identified in tobacco plants infected with Tobacco leaf curl virus (TLCV) isolates Y5 and Y8 by PCR using primers based on the conserved region of the two reported DNAβ sequences of whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (WTGs). The complete nucleotide sequences of DNAβ of Y5 and Y8 (TLCV DNAβ) were determined. Y5 DNAβ comprises 1333 nucleotides encoding 8 predicted ORFs with 4 ORFs in virion-sense DNA and 4 ORFs in complementary-sense DNA; Y8 DNAβ consists of 1338 nucleotides encoding 7 predicted ORFs with 4 ORFs in virion-sense DNA and 3 ORFs in complementary-sense DNA. TLCV DNAβ has little sequence homology to DNA-A of TLCV., except that it shares conserved TAATATTAC loop sequence with TLCV DNA-A. Sequence comparison showed that Y5 DNAβ shared 85% sequence homology with Y8 DNAβ, and both Y5 DNAβ and Y8 DNAβ had relatively low sequence identity (51%–65%) with the reported DNAβ molecules associated with Ageratum yellow vein virus and Cotton leaf curl virus. The immunotrapping PCR and whitefly transmission tests showed that DNAβ molecule could be encapsidated in virus particle and transmitted by Bemisia tabaci. This is the first report of DNAβ associated with WTGs in China.     

Transformation of japonica rice with RHL gene and salt tolerance of the transgenic rice plant

Overexpression of the yeast HAL2 gene increases salt tolerance of yeast and plant. Rice HAL2-like (RHL) gene was introduced into a japonica rice cultivar HJ19 with Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Transgenic plants in R0 generation were selected on the principle of GUS-positive, RHL gene PCR-positive and normal growth. Hygromycin-resistant plants of some transgenic lines in R1 generation increased salt tolerance during the seedling and booting stage, being less damaged in the cytomembrane and stronger in leaf tissue viability under salt stress during booting period. Southern analysis of transgenic lines tolerant to salt in R1 generation showed that the RHL gene expression cassette had been successfully integrated into rice genome. Moreover, gene engineering breeding methodology and really salt-tolerant rice cultivar were discussed.     

人类舌运动类型

介绍了舌运动类型的研究历史和研究成果及5种舌运动类型（卷舌、叠舌、翻舌、三叶舌、尖舌）在不同人群中的出现率，着重论述了近年来我国学者这方面的工作。     

菱异形叶光合特性的比较

比较分析了处于营养生长时期的水生植物－－菱（Trapa bispinosa R.）的异形叶在光合特性方面的差异。结果表明：沉水叶叶片的叶绿素含量、光合速率、呼吸速率及光呼吸速率明显低于浮水叶，其类囊体膜PSⅠ、PSⅡ电子传递活性相对较弱，分别为浮水叶的69．40％和72．51％；而二者的类囊体膜室温吸收光谱形状相似，但沉水叶类囊体膜在400－500nm的光吸收值要强于浮水叶；沉水叶类囊体膜680nm处有较强的荧光发射峰。浮水叶和沉水叶类囊体膜多肽组分也存在比较显著的差别。     

葡萄叶面积测定方法的改进

对不同地点、不同年度、不同管理条件、不同品种、不同树龄的叶宽范围较宽(7.5～23.4cm)的葡萄叶片进行了叶宽与叶面积线性、乘幂、指数回归分析。结果表明,葡萄叶宽与叶面积的回归关系更符合乘幂趋势。据此建立了可较为普遍应用的利用葡萄叶宽速测葡萄叶面积的回归方程。如用线性方程,则需要根据不同叶宽范围建立方程。     

ETP对苹卷蛾(Adoxophyes orana)生殖的影响

应用ETP4—[2—(叔丁基丁酰氧基)丙氧基]丁苯甲酸乙酯(5μg/头)处理苹卷蛾(Adoxophyes orana)五龄第三天幼虫,使雌蛾脂肪体变态滞后,体内卵黄原蛋白含量降低,滤泡细胞组织结构异常,卵巢管内滤泡数量减少,部分卵泡退化,雌蛾产卵力下降97％,卵不能孵化。     

山胡椒叶子化学成分及其应用

报道了山胡椒叶子的化学成分,鉴定了叶子中的精油成分,主要为β-水芹烯(19.03％)、月桂烯(17.93％)、香树烯(17.11％),γ-杜松烯(10.17％)、别罗勒烯(9.17％)、杜松烯(3.90％)、(+)-δ-杜松烯(3.18％)等34个化合物;分析了叶子中脂肪酸的组分,有月桂酸(1.053％)、肉豆寇酸(2.074％)、棕榈酸(13.368％)、棕榈烯酸(1.679％)、硬脂酸(1.850％)、油酸(20.499％)、亚油酸(45.70％)、亚麻酸(11.17％);并测得叶子中水溶性聚糖组成,有鼠李糖(13.13％)、阿拉伯糖和木糖(共64.80％)、葡萄糖(20.75％)。另外,还对山胡椒叶子精油的药用和聚糖的应用作了试验。