知识论批判:一种教育哲学的反思

知识论不仅是近代哲学的中心问题,也是近现代教育的精神基础。知识论是近现代教育的理论,近现代教育则是知识论的实践。知识论的知性思维方式对近现代教育产生了弥散性影响,而教育世界的知识论化在本质上却是一种价值颠覆,即科学知识取得了对其他知识类型的优先性。知识论放逐了本真的心灵问题,这是近现代教育问题之根源。从教育哲学的角度反思与批判知识论,是对知识论批判的必要补充。     

地理学本体论、认识论与方法论

本文以简述地理学的研究历史和现状作为引入，总结出地理学研究的软肋在于，缺乏从哲学层面上对地理学本体论、认识论和方法论进行深入思考。之后再界定地理学本体论、认识论和方法论的概念，在此基础上总结历史乃至当今时代所出现的主要哲学思潮、存在的哲学新动向，并提取其中能为地理学所采用的认识论、方法论。最后本章认为，复杂性理论将成为地理学研究新的、强有力的理论工具。     

辩证唯物主义认识论视角下的道德教育探析

十八大报告中再次强调社会主义道德建设的重要性,回想近几年的社会道德热点事件,不得不思考当前中国社会的精神文明发展相对滞后以及道德教育异化等问题。从辩证唯物主义认识论的角度出发,通过对道德教育的层次分析,阐述了当前道德教育作用缺失的原因,探寻加强道德教育的基本途径。     

Schwinger and the Ontology of Quantum Field Theory

An epistemological interpretation of quantum mechanics hinges on the claim that the distinctive features of quantum mechanics can be derived from some distinctive features of an observational basis. Old and new variations of this theme are listed. The program has a limited success in non-relativistic quantum mechanics. The crucial issue is how far it can be extended to quantum field theory without introducing significant ontological postulates. A C*-formulation covers algebraic quantum field theory, but not the standard model. Julian Schwinger’s anabatic methodology extended a strict measurement-based formulation of quantum mechanics through field theory. His extension also excluded the quark hypothesis and the standard model. Quarks and local gauge invariance are postulates that go beyond the limits of an epistemological interpretation of quantum mechanics. The ontological significance ascribed to these advances depends on the role accorded ontology.

批判实在论对社会科学方法论贡献探析

本文从本体论、认识论和方法三个方面探析了批判实在论对社会科学方法论的贡献。它把社会实在的基本特征概括为分层与超验性、突现性和社会结构的能动转化性三个方面。在此基础上它探讨了“认识谬误”的实质、根源和后果,从知识论、因果关系解释论和科学研究程序等方面阐述一种新的认识论。其方法贡献主要集中在回溯法、水平与垂直因果关系解释法和社会行动转化模型三个方面。它批判了在社会科学方法论中实证主义与解释主义的两极张力,从五个方面克服它们各自的二分法缺陷。批判实在论方兴未艾,面对学术界的一些质疑,还有许多问题有待于进一步研究。     

Philosophical Issues and their Implications for the Systems Architect

Many system architects select their system methodologies without explicit consideration of the philosophical perspectives that impact their decisions. This paper describes how the concepts of ontology and epistemology apply in systems science. Ontology is how we specify terms of reference for existence, allowing us to understand the theory of existence via an ‘existence framework’. Epistemology, the theory of knowledge, allows us to explore new models and theories of knowledge acquisition so the best system-based methodologies can be deployed to solve complex system problems. After introducing these concepts, the paper presents system science issues and assesses the impact of ontological, axiological and epistemological perspectives on system methodology selection, research, system design and deployment. An ontological viewpoint such as realism, as an objective view is contrasted versus nationalism, a personal perceptional view. An epistemological viewpoint is explored comparing knowledge as a product of sensory perception or rational reflection. The paper’s significant contribution is that it helps system architects understand that their philosophical views of systems science impact their system methodology choices.     

消除主义、读心术与实验哲学：访斯蒂芬·斯蒂奇教授

斯蒂芬·斯蒂奇(Stephen Stich)教授是美国人文与艺术科学学院院士、美国罗格斯大学哲学与认知科学讲席教授,是美国科学哲学研究的重要代表人物。2018年12月份,斯蒂奇教授受邀访问了北京大学、华东师范大学等高校,通过相关学术活动,他与中国哲学家们交流了彼此的哲学理念与研究成果。受中国现代外国哲学学会知识论专业委员会的委托,我们在厦门大学对其进行了专访,希望借此让读者进一步理解其富有影响的心灵哲学、知识论与实验哲学的研究成果。