饮用水中有机卤化物的污染及处理研究进展

综述了多氯烃、多氯代苯等有机卤化物对饮用水的污染及治理进展．     

Global pollution shown by lead and cadmium contents in precipitation of polar regions and Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

The analysis of the major ions, lead and cadmium has been performed for snow-pit samples collected from the Arctic, the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the Antarctic Ice Sheet. These snow pits were excavated respectively from the snowpack in Canadian Northwest Territory (NWT) and the central Arctic, three glaciers on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and surface snow along the route of the International Trans-Antarctic Expedition (ITAE). The source regions for the lead pollution of central Arctic have been identified by analyzing of stable lead isotopic ratios, meteorological and atmospheric chemistry studies. It shows that the central Arctic is still under intensive lead input, despite the fact that lead content in Greenland Ice Sheet displays a rapid decreasing since the 1970s due to US and some European countries’ campaigns to reduce lead-containing gasoline-additives. This is because there are multiple lead sources for the central Arctic, including the countries that have not performed gasoline-additives reducing. The backgrounds of atmospheric aerosol compositions, as well as the concentrations of lead and cadmium in precipitation of the early 1990s, are contrasted among the Arctic, Antarctica and Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The measured lead content in the snowfall at the typical sites of the three regions is divided into natural (background) and anthropogenic components. It is found that natural lead concentration (mainly crustal and/or sea-salt lead) is roughly equal among the three regions (< 3×10¹²g · g¹). However, the percentage of the natural lead to the measured lead is negligible in precipitation in the central Arctic and the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, while it is considerable in Antarctic precipitation. The anthropogenic component of lead (>50% in Antarctic precipitation, >97% in the Arctic and the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau ) is mainly responsible for the lead input to both polar regions and to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Lead pollution may have spread into the whole troposphere and the most remote regions on earth.     

磁尾污染浮选精煤的机理研究

采用高效重介旋流器(HMC)脱硫工艺后,部分非磁性矿物(磁尾)随介质进入煤泥水系统。研究表明磁尾次生矿泥赤铁矿(红色)等金属氧化物在水中不论是晶体或无定形状态都在表面结合配位水,构成水合金属氧化物和氢氧化物,具有很强的吸附混凝性能,架桥吸附粘土胶体、细粒煤和气泡表面,微凝聚改变了煤和粘土矿物胶体粒子双电层的Ζ电位,煤的可浮性随之改变,导致粘土矿物对浮选精煤的污染加重。为此,提出了“选前脱除磁尾”等污染控制新方法。     

城市雨水径流污染负荷计算及评价模型

以苏南某城市一小区为例,运用最小二乘原理,通过共扼梯度法。确定了城市雨水径流污染负荷模型的参数,并经验证具有良好的精度．为受纳水体的污染进行评价、控制和规划提供了量化数据．     

西五里湖疏浚底泥资源化处理的二次污染问题研究

针对疏浚底泥常规处理方法的不足,采用固化处理方式对西五里湖重污染水体疏浚底泥进行处理．结合室内试验和数值模拟方法对疏浚泥直接堆放和经固化处理两种情况下的二次污染问题进行了对比分析．研究结果表明,固化处理可以减缓疏浚泥中污染物的溶出速率,对周围环境的二次污染远远小于未经处理的疏浚泥,但是要注意选择二次污染小的固化材料;渗透系数是控制疏浚泥二次污染的重要因素,降低渗透系数可以减少疏浚泥的二次污染、     

对黄河泥沙与水质关系的研究——回顾及展望

黄河是世界上罕见的多泥沙河流,泥沙与水相互作用对黄河水质产生显著影响。根据以往研究工作,对黄河泥沙与水质的关系问题作全面的总结评述和展望,着重于4个问题：（1）黄河泥沙对污染物行为的影响;（2）黄河泥沙中的天然有机质与黄河耗氧有机物水质参数的关系和对污染评价的影响;（3）黄河泥沙中的本底量重金属与黄河重金属水质参数的关系和对污染评价的影响;（4）黄河泥沙中的碳酸盐对水质和对水质监测研究的影响。     

What is the environment in environmental health research? Perspectives from the ethics of science

Environmental health research produces scientific knowledge about environmental hazards crucial for public health and environmental justice movements that seek to prevent or reduce exposure to these hazards. The environment in environmental health research is conceptualized as the range of possible social, biological, chemical, and/or physical hazards or risks to human health, some of which merit study due to factors such as their probability and severity, the feasibility of their remediation, and injustice in their distribution. This paper explores the ethics of identifying the relevant environment for environmental health research, as judgments involved in defining an environmental hazard or risk, judgments of that hazard or risk's probability, severity, and/or injustice, as well as the feasibility of its remediation, all ought to appeal to non-epistemic as well as epistemic values. I illustrate by discussing the case of environmental lead, a housing-related hazard that remains unjustly distributed by race and class and is particularly dangerous to children. Examining a controversy in environmental health research ethics where researchers tested multiple levels of lead abatement in lead-contaminated households, I argue that the broader perspective on the ethics of environmental health research provided in the first part of this paper may have helped prevent this controversy.     

城市建筑基坑护坡喷射混凝土降低粉尘污染的研究

基于目前基坑工程施工设备，研究降低喷射混凝土粉尘污染的技术方法。通过对城市建筑基坑工程护坡广泛采用的干拌法喷射混凝土技术的原理和产生粉尘污染原因的分析，认为产生粉尘污染的主要原因是易扬尘的水泥颗粒与水没有充分拌合润湿，并研究了“混拌式”喷枪和“水泥净浆干拌喷射法”两种技术方法，可使水与水泥颗粒充分润湿拌合，可有效降低喷射混凝土的粉尘质量浓度，减少城市建筑基坑护坡喷射混凝土粉尘对环境的污染。     

地方高校卓越工程师培养模式中水污染控制工程双语教学研究

就地方高校双语教学过程中存在的主要问题做了较为深入的分析.结合环境工程卓越工程师培养模式,提出水污染控制工程双语教学的必要性和改革措施.通过树立双语教学的观念,明确教学定位,优化教材和课件,建设双语习题试题库,完善全英文教材利用率低等问题,在地方高校有针对性地开展水污染控制工程双语教学是可行的,可以获得良好的教学效果,有助于培养具有国际竞争视野优势的工程科技人才.     

Road Dynamic Distribution Analysis of Automobile Pollutants

With respect to the status of Qingdao road traffic and vehicle emissions conditions, this paper establishes vehicle pollutant emissions prediction model according to the theory. By the method of gathering the vehicle flow rate and speed data of Hong Kong Middle Road in Qingdao, it simulates motor vehicle emissions concentration at the point by combining with the corresponding wind speed, wind direction, vehicle emission factors and other parameters. The results show that as the wind speed increases motor vehicle emissions concentration will show a downward trend. However, CO and HC emissions decrease obviously with the increasing of the vehicle speed. The research provides corresponding control measures for the automobile pollution in Qingdao.