Changes in calpastatin localization and expression during calpain activation: a new mechanism for the regulation of intracellular Ca<Superscript>2+</Superscript>-dependent proteolysis

The amount of calpastatin directly available in cytosol is under the control of [Ca²⁺] and [cyclic AMP]. Prolonged calpain activation also promotes degradation of calpastatin. The fluctuation of calpastatin concentration in cell soluble fraction is accompanied by an initial decrease in calpastatin gene expression, followed by a fivefold increase in its expression when the inhibitor protein is degraded. This process can be conceptualized as a mechanism to regulate calpastatin availability in the cell. This conclusion is supported by the fact that calpain, the other component of this proteolytic system, undergoes changes in its levels of expression in a much more limited manner. Furthermore, this process can be observed both in cells exposed to different natural stimuli, or in other cell lines. Modification of calpastatin gene expression might represent a new tool for the in vivo control of the regulatory machinery required for the modulation of Ca²⁺-dependent proteolysis.Received 18 July 2003; received after revision 3 September 2003; accepted 23 September 2003     

关于当前城市低保体制建设中的几点思考

指出在目前完善城市低保体制的工作中首先应该加强对低保工作的思想认识,其次应该加强政府的调控职能,缩小地区间贫富差距．还提出了一个“大低保”概念及其建制策略,解释了不确定性现象,并提出了相应对策,最后还就几个具体问题给出了对策．     

Nitric oxide mediates histamine induced down-regulation of H<Subscript>2</Subscript> receptor mRNA and internalization of the receptor protein (R1)

During agonist-dependent long-term stimulation of cells, histamine receptor subtypes are frequently down-regulated. However, the mechanisms underlying the modulation of receptor expression during long-term histamine stimulation have yet to be resolved. Based on our recently reported results showing an H₁-mediated down-regulation of histamine H₂ receptor mRNA in endothelial cells, our aim was to characterize the mechanism controlling rapid and long-term histamine-mediated modulation of H₂ receptor expression in more detail. We were able to show that the histamine-induced down-regulation of H₂ receptor mRNA and cell surface expression lasting for 24 h was accompanied by augmentation of the receptor protein level in the cytoplasmatic fraction of endothelial cells for this time period. Furthermore, changes in receptor protein levels in whole-cell lysate were negligible, indicating that the rapid and prolonged modulation of cell surface H₂ receptor levels by histamine was regulated solely via internalization. The role of nitric oxide (NO) as a key mediator in histamine-stimulated cell responses was underlined by subsequent studies showing the attenuation of histamine-induced H₂ receptor mRNA down-regulation and protein trafficking following NO synthase isozyme inhibition.Received 11 March 2003; received after revision 11 June 2003; accepted 17 June 2003     

基于可竞争市场理论的输电市场管制机制设计

目前中国输配电市场是高度垄断市场,垄断导致生产低效率和较高的垄断电价.为解决这一问题,本文根据可竞争市场理论的思想,运用激励理论原理,从政府管制政策的角度,分析在电力市场输电环节,允许电力直供模式后,对电网公司和发电企业之间契约设计以及对电力输送环节垄断的影响.电力直供促进了输电环节的竞争,增加社会的电量供给,促进电网企业提高生产效率,降低生产成本,使社会的整体福利水平得到帕累托改进.     

地区能源效率与二氧化碳排放的差异性——基于Kaya因素分解

利用绝对差异法、相对差异法和基尼系数对我国28个省区1995-2005年间能源利用效率的差异性进行了比较；引入Theil指数和Kaya因子，深入研究能源消耗导致的地区间人均CO2排放的差别；进一步将28个省区划分为八个经济区，分解Theil指数为区闭和区内贡献。结果显示（1）各省区能源利用效率存在趋同现象。（2）Theil指数表明2003年后人均C02排放差异性在减弱，Kaya因子中贡献最大的是能源强度指标，其次是人均GDP，碳排放系数贡献相对较小。交互作用因子中能源强度和人均GDP之间表现出较大的负影响，即高收入地区能源利用效率高，人均C02排放也多。（3）八个经济区间的差异要大于经济区内部的差异，且一直占据主早地位。文章结论为节能减排提供了参考。     

植物体内的黄酮类化合物代谢及其调控研究进展

针对黄酮类化合物的生物合成、贮存、转运途径、代谢调控因子、合成关键酶及其基因调控等方面的研究现状与进展进行了总结和分析.植物体内黄酮类化合物具有增强植物抗逆性和化学防御功能,在植物的生态适应过程中发挥着积极作用.其种类及含量受植物本身的遗传因素以及环境中生物和非生物因子的影响,可以通过选择或培育合适的种类、改变其遗传特性及环境条件等,调控植物体内黄酮类化合物含量.但关于调控黄酮类化合物的信号分子及其调控途径、各转录因子及蛋白质的调控机理尚未明确,调控黄酮类化合物生物合成的功能基因组或蛋白质组学等领域的研究还有待进一步深入.     

粒子群优化算法在水库调度中的应用

基于水库优化调度常用优化方法存在的不足,本文根据水库优化调度的数学模型,将粒子群优化算法运用到水库优化调度中。该算法通过个体间的协作与竞争,实现复杂空间中最优解的搜索分析,具有计算简便,收敛速度快等优点。将混沌优化算法运用到水库调度中,并与其它优化方法比较,获得了较为满意的结果。     

知识产权滥用的法律规制——浅析反垄断法草案对知识产权的规定

2l世纪是知识经济时代,知识产权及其法律制度在社会经济发展中起到重要的作用。各国对知识产权的保护力度也将日益增强,但在保护知识产权的同时,知识产权的滥用现象也将凸现。为防止知识产权的滥用,知识产权的行使就应当有相应的法律规制。反垄断法就是规制这种权力滥用的一把利剑。     

加入WTO后我国银行的发展对策

分析了外资银行投资动因,阐述了外资银行对我国银行的影响以及我国银行面临的挑战,就我国银行如何应对外资银行的进入提出了若干建议。