Neuropeptides in pelvic afferent pathways

Summary Neurochemical and pharmacological experiments have raised the possibility that several neuropeptides including, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine isoleucine amide (PHI), substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neurokinin A, cholecystokinin (CCK) and opioid peptides may be transmitters in afferent pathways to the pelvic viscera. These substances are widely distributed in: 1) nerve fibers in the pelvic organs, 2) visceral afferent neurons in the lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia and 3) at sites of afferent termination in the spinal cord. Double, staining immunocytochemical techniques have shown that more than one peptide can be localized in individual visceral afferent neurons and that neuronal excitatory (VIP, substance P, CCK) and inhibitory peptides (leucine enkephalin) can coexist in the same afferent cell. Studies with the neurotoxin, capsaicin, indicate that peptidergic afferent pathways are, involved in the initiation of central autonomic reflexes as well as peripheral axon reflexes which modulate smooth muscle activity, facilitate transmission in automatic ganglia and trigger local inflammatory responses.     

系统科学与中医理论的现代重建

就中医理论的现代诠释与重建作一初步的探讨。首先从中医理论的基础——阴阳五行模型出发，运用系统科学的成果与思想，揭示阴阳五行模型作为系统生成演变最简模型的科学蕴涵和现代科学依据，然后根据藏象理论和经络学说，阐明中医乃是将人体看作气血循环系统，并基于这种系统的整体性、分形性和信息性的医学。认为人类科学的主流将循中国古典生成论→西方近代构成论→人类未来生成论之历史的辩证法发展。     

民事公诉:正途还是歧路

民事公诉制度是否应当建立，这个问题不是一个逻辑的问题，而是一个事实的问题。从检察机关的性质中不能合逻辑的推论出民事公诉的正当性。同时，民事公诉在解决国家和社会公益保护问题方面并不是有效率的方法，而且可能在实际运作中陷入困境。检察机关对公益的保护应重在对行政执法的监督。     

芨芨草营养器官的解剖学研究

对盐渍环境下芨芨草营养器官解剖结构的研究表明，芨芨草在形态结构上有如下特征：根系发达，外皮层明显，为5－7层扁平且极不规则的细胞，近内皮层处有几层小型的、排列非常整齐的细胞，形成环内皮层带。发育后期，3、4层外皮层细胞壁加厚变为厚壁细胞，环内皮层带的细胞也变为厚壁细胞，属多原型根；茎中表皮下由20－30层排列紧密、形状较小的纤维细胞组成发达的机械组织，维管束3或4轮，中央为发达的髓；叶表皮细胞外切向壁增厚，上表皮有发达的表皮毛，近上下表皮的叶肉细胞分化为引长的栅栏组织状，维管束鞘2层，具典型C3植物叶的结构特征。     

龙洞山溪鲵部分器官组织的扫描电镜观察

龙洞山溪鲵胃体、十二指肠及皮肤的扫描电镜观察结果表明:(1)胃粘膜表面分布有许多胃小凹;粘膜上皮细胞大小不等,呈圆形、椭圆形和梭形等形状;细胞表面具短小的微绒毛.(2)十二指肠粘膜上皮向腔端突起,呈半球状;细胞表面具微绒毛结构.(3)皮肤表层下陷,形成近似平行的“埂”和“槽”相间结构;皮肤表层有丰富的粘液腺孔,细胞表面具丰富的微绒毛.     

ABC model and floral evolution

The paper introduces the classical ABC model of floral development and thereafter ABCD, ABCDE and quartet models, and presents achievements in the studies on floral evolution such as the improved understanding on the relationship of reproductive organs between gnetophytes and angiosperms, new results in perianth evolution and identified homology of floral organs between dicots and monocots. The evo-devo studies on plant taxa at different evolutionary levels are useful to better understanding the homology of floral organs, and to clarifying the mysteries of the origin and subsequent diversification of flowers.     

蓝果树苗期营养器官解剖构造

对蓝果树幼苗的根、茎、叶进行解剖学研究，结果表明：蓝果树茎的韧皮纤维成团状分布在韧皮部外围，次生木质部中导管为单管孔、散孔材，轴向薄壁细胞含大量营养物质，上部的茎表皮密被表皮毛，皮层中厚角组织细胞发达，髓心薄壁细胞丰富，根的初生构造中皮层和髓心细胞发达，叶为异面叶，具中生植物的结构特征。     

新疆沙生植物粗柄独尾草的解剖学研究

新疆沙生植物粗柄独尾草的营养器官和繁殖器官的解剖学研究表明，为适应沙漠环境，其形态结构表现出下列特征：根肉质，皮层厚；茎皮层内有4—7层厚壁细胞组成的纤维带，维管束大致3轮；叶表皮细胞外壁有较厚的角质层。气孔器小，略下陷，孔下室发达，等面叶，环栅型，叶脉维管束发达；雌蕊三心皮三室，中轴胎座，直生胚珠。