Using genetically-defined rodent strains for the identification of hippocampal traits relevant for two-way avoidance behavior: a non-invasive approach

Summary Genetically-defined rodent strains permit the identification of hippocampal traits which are of functional relevance for the performance of two-way avoidance behavior. This is exemplified here by analyzing the relationship between infrapyramidal mossy fibers (a tiny projection terminating upon the basal dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons) and two-way avoidance learning in about 800 animals. The necessary steps include 1) identification of structural traits sensitive to selective breeding for extremes in two-way avoidance, 2) testing the robustness of the associations found by studying individual and genetical correlations between hippocampal traits and behavior, 3) establishing causal relationships by Mendelian crossing of strains with extreme structural traits and studying the behavioral consequences of such structural randomization, 4) confirming causal relationships by manipulating the structural variable in inbred (isogenic) strains, thereby eliminating the possibility of genetic linkage, and 5) ruling out the possibility of spurious associations by studying the correlations between the hippocampal trait and other behaviors known to depend on hippocampal functioning.In comparison with the classical lesion approach for identifying relationships between brain and behavior, the present procedure appears to be superior in two aspects: it is non-invasive, and it focuses automatically on those brain traits which are used by natural selection to shape behaviorally-defined animal populations, i.e., it reveals the natural regulators of behavior.     

中国代木包装的现状及发展研究(续)

4 今后发展代木包装的思考及研究我国代木包装虽兴起于七十年代,但在八十年代中期才受到应有的重视和较快的发展,现在在数量、品种、性能上还不能满足各方面包装的需要。随着今后国民经济的进一步发展,必然要求代木包装在数量、质量上要有一个更大的发展。为此,本文在前述对国内外代木包装分析的基础上,兹就今后发展代木包装的目标及方针,任务及规划,对策及措施初步探讨如下。     

Morphological,biochemical and molecular changes during ectomycorrhiza development

Summary An ectomycorrhiza, a specialized root organ, is the result of a complex interaction leading to a finely-tuned symbiosis between a plant and a compatible ectomycorrhizal fungus. Ultrastructural observations combined with cytochemical and biochemical studies reveal that structural and metabolic changes in the symbiont cells lead to the final phenotype of the active ectomycorrhiza. In the present review these changes are interpreted as changes in gene expression and discussed within the context of ectomycorrhiza development. Recent genetic data indicate that the continued vegetative growth of the ectomycorrhizal hyphae and the root tissues, and their ability to switch to symbiotic organ formation, is basically controlled by developmentally critical genes. The activity of these symbiotic genes during the differentiation of ectomycorrhizas is associated with extensive changes in the concentration of particular polypeptides and protein biosynthesis. The present state of knowledge about the developmental biology of ectomycorrhizas allows only speculation about the events during their development.Puisant mes forces aux sources des galaxies En buvant la sève des arbres M. Jonasz     

知识经济与我国的经济发展战略

知识经济是与传统的农业经济、工业经济不同的一种新的经济形态,是当今世界经济发展的主要趋势,我国经济发展战略的制定,经济增长方式的根本转变,科教兴国战略以及可持续展战略的实施,都与知识经济密切相关,在当前条件下,我国的社会主义建设将面临着实现工业化和走向知识经济的双重挑战。     

Structural and expressional analysis of a cDNA that expresses predominantly in rice stamens

The development of stamen is an important stage during the sexual reproduction in higher plants. Studying the genes that predominantly or even specifically expressed in stamens will aid in undestanding the molecular mechanism of stamen development. The structure of a rice CHS-like gene (D5) which predominantly expressed in anthers has been analysised, showing high structural similarity with two other anther-specific genes (A1 and BA42) fromBrassica napus. Northern analysis also reveals that the three genes share a similar expression pattern and that the expression of D5 may relate to the early development of pollens. It is concluded that D5, A1 and BA42 represent a group of diverged CHS-like genes which are related to stamen development.     

基于因素敏感性水平的边际油田开发模糊风险分析

海上油田开发投资大时间长,并伴随着相当大的不确定性和风险．尤其是边际油田的开发,其投资风险更不容忽视．分析了海上油田开发的不确定性因素,在敏感性分析的基础上,定义了不确定性参数对评价指标的敏感度．利用模糊风险分析,确定了方案的风险度,对开发方案的风险程度进行了定量分析,为方案的选择提供了决策依据．对某一海上边际油田的开发进行了示例分析,计算结果表明,边际油田的开发具有很高的风险,而投资费用、石油价格以及可采储量的不确定性是引起开发风险的主要因素．     

科技革命与女性的辉煌

人类在进入文明社会以后,经历了三次科技革命。科学技术作为人类文化中最活跃的组成部分,不仅使世界的政治,经济领域发生了深刻的变化,而且还渗入到占人类一半但千百年来被束缚于家庭的妇女领域,对于女性的觉醒,女性的解放,女性的发展起到不可估量的作用     

莲子叶蛋白体的类型,来源与发育

莲子叶于发育的１０￣２８ｄ,以不同速率在叶肉细胞中大量积累贮存蛋白,并以不同方式组装许多形态各异、结构不同的蛋白体。按其来源与发育的特点可分４种类型：①粗面球状蛋白体;②光面球状蛋白体;③杯状蛋白体;④淀粉蛋白体。发育顺序是①,②类先形成,③,④类后发生;②类的发育贯穿整个贮存蛋白的积累期,比较了莲与其他植物蛋白体的异同。     

甘肃省的饲料矿产及开发

介绍了国内外饲料矿产的研究应用现状。在野外调查和室内综合分析的基础上,详细叙述了甘肃省饲料矿产的种类、分布和开采条件,依据饲料矿产的评价原则,论述了甘肃省饲料矿产的开发应用前景。     

可持续发展目标下的区域经济系统调控

区域人地系统中各子系统间的耦合是实现区域可持续发展的基本条件。可以通过系统调控来实现各子系统间的耦合。