Carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions and their evolutions of gases generated by herbaceous swamp peat at different thermal maturity stages

Coalbed methane (CBM) accumulation models include continuous gas accumulation and staged gas accumulation.However,studied on the geochemical characteristics and indices to evaluate staged accumulation CBM are lacking.This study for the first time obtained the carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of methane and ethane generated at different evolution stages using thermal simulation of samples prepared by treating an herbaceous swamp peat at different temperatures.The results showed that the carbon isotopic compositions of methane and ethane were obviously affected by the thermal evolution level of the starting sample,while the hydrogen isotopic compositions were closely related to the maturity of gases.The carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of gases generated by coal-forming organic matter with Ro values from 1.2%,1.7%,2.4%,3.2% and 3.7% to 5.2% were determinated.The relationship between Ro values and the carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of gases generated by coal-forming organic matter at different evolution stages as well as the carbon or hydrogen isotopic relationships between methane and ethane were established.The results provide a scientific basis for studying the genesis of CBM generated at different maturity intervals and understanding the geochemical characteristics of staged accumulation CBM.These results were applied to a case study on CBM from the southern Qinshui basin,and it was found that the CBM accumulated after the Middle Jurassic and was characteristic of staged gas accumulation.This is consistent with the result of geological studies,and further showed that the results of thermal simulation experiments are very important for evaluating the genesis of natural CBM.     

关中盆地混合地下热水化学成分的随机模拟

以水文地球化学理论和水文随机模拟技术为基础,利用水文地球化学模拟方法对关中盆地混合地下热水中主要离子与主要离子总含量TDI的关系进行分析,采用最小二乘法及根据残差的偏态系数进行参数估计以确定最适线性方程定量模拟关中盆地水化学场的混合作用对水化学成分的影响.研究结果表明:关中盆地地下热水中的主要离子矿化度与TDI之间具有...     

全球月平均蒸发数据在流域径流模拟中的适用性

利用分布式水文模型CREST对淮河史灌河流域梅山水库1978-1987年的入库径流过程进行了参数自动率定和验证,对比分析了实测蒸发数据与全球月平均蒸发数据对径流模拟结果的影响程度,同时进行了蒸发影响效果的误差对比实验.结果表明,采用全球月平均蒸发数据来驱动模型,替代模型运行中所需的实测蒸发数据,具有较好的模拟效果,同时...     

钱塘江流域极端气温和最大降水事件的时空变化

基于1951-2008年钱塘江流域内外15个气象站月极端高温、月极端低温和月最大降水量资料,采用Mann-Kendall趋势分析方法和协克里金插值方法分析了不同区域、不同季节的极端气温和最大降水量的空间分布及变化趋势特征.结果表明:钱塘江流域最大降水量总体呈缓慢减少的状态,而极端气温都有上升的趋势;季节分布上,夏季最大...     

四川盆地碳酸盐岩源岩气地质特征与勘探前景

充分利用露头、岩芯、岩屑等原始样品,通过薄片观察、物性分析、扫描电镜、X射线衍射及同位素分析等实验方法,结合测井资料、地震剖面解释等进行研究,从碳酸盐岩源岩气地球化学评价参数和指标厘定入手,以南川区带高产稳产气藏为实例,深入解剖四川盆地茅口组一段碳酸盐岩源岩的岩矿、物性、电性、含气性及生烃潜力,探讨了表生沉积环境、早期...     

玛南斜坡下乌尔禾组砾岩储层特征及主控因素

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷南斜坡二叠系下乌尔禾组具有良好的勘探前景,为明确该区储层特征及主控因素,通过岩芯观察、铸体薄片、扫描电镜及储层物性等手段,对二叠系下乌尔禾组砾岩储层特征及主控因素进行了研究.结果表明,下乌尔禾组储层岩石类型主要为岩屑砂岩,胶结类型以泥质、沸石胶结为主,结构及成分成熟度较低.储层储集空间类型多样,以剩余...     

长江上游卫星反演与再分析降水数据的适用性评估

为评估不同降水数据在长江上游的适用性,基于气象站点观测数据,采用多种评价指标,定量评估了卫星反演降水数据(IMERG-Final、GSMaP-Gauge)及再分析降水数据(ERA5-Land)在长江上游的应用精度,并分析了各降水数据在不同等级降水的误差结构。结果表明:3套降水数据均能准确捕捉流域降水东高西低的空间格局,与观测降水有着良好的相关性,且2015—2019年表现平稳,有可长期应用的潜力;各降水数据时间分辨率越高,误差相对越大,在流域地形变化剧烈的中部误差更大;对弱降水易错报高估,对强降水的低估随降水强度上升而加剧;两套卫星反演降水数据总体误差较小,适用性良好,IMERG-Final有更好的误差控制能力,GSMaP-Gauge对降水发生的识别更为准确;ERA5-Land明显高估流域降水,尤其在西南部地区。     

四川盆地北部二叠系茅口组沉积特征及油气意义

基于地震资料精细解释成果,结合野外剖面及室内薄片观察,通过分析主要岩石类型及古生物、地球化学和地震相特征,对四川盆地北部二叠系茅口组沉积相展布特征进行研究,依据生物(屑)灰岩、礁灰岩和硅质岩等岩相发育规律以及地震地层结构和地层厚度变化特征,认为茅口组发育了开阔台地、台地边缘及斜坡—盆地等沉积亚相,总结出了开阔海夹点礁、开阔海夹点滩、台地边缘滩和灰质—硅质盆地等4种沉积微相组合,明确了沉积相纵向演化和平面展布规律。结果表明,台地边缘高能生物滩平面上呈条带状在剑阁—元坝—龙岗一带规模发育,生物(屑)灰岩的晶间溶孔、粒间溶孔和生物体腔孔发育,物性好,是优质储集层发育带;川西海槽和广元—旺苍海槽茅四段的硅质岩和泥岩有机碳含量高,则是优质生油岩,优越的沉积环境为该区油气成藏提供了有利的生油和储集条件。     

黄河流域甘肃段城镇经济空间结构特征演变及动因探析

目的 在黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展成为重大国家战略、黄河流域甘肃段作为甘肃省国土空间格局优化主体的时代背景下,从经济视角探索区域城镇空间结构的内在属性以提高黄河流域甘肃段总体发展水平。方法 借助引力模型、区位商指数及地理探测器分别从城镇经济联系网络结构、城镇竞争优势结构、产业集聚结构3个方面对黄河流域甘肃段城镇经济空间结构的演变特征、动因进行探讨。结论 区域经济联系网络水平和城镇竞争优势水平均逐步增强,其结构由单中心簇型向多中心簇型演进,第一产业集聚结构经历了“全局型结构—穿孔型结构”演变过程,第二产业集聚结构为穿孔型结构,且该结构逐步增强,第三产业集聚结构经历了“穿孔型结构—局部型结构—穿孔型结构”的演变过程;黄河流域甘肃段城镇竞争优势与地方政府财政收入关系密切,相应产业产值占比越高产业发展越集聚,此外受生态保护、供给侧改革的影响,已经开始走去工业化及工业转型道路,固定资产投资和政府财政支出在发展第二产业上的投入占比将下降。     

Lipids of sulfate-reducing bacteria and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria found in the Dongsheng uranium deposit

U-bearing sandstones from the Dongsheng deposit in Ordos Basin contain abundant C15-C18 fatty acids. The fatty acids may have been derived from modern and ancient organisms including organisms from the intervals of U mineralization. A certain amount of i15:0, a15:0, a17:0 fatty acids coexist with small amounts of i17:1ω7c and 10me16:0, characteristic biomarkers of Desulfovibrio and Desulfobacter sp., respectively. This indicates the existence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the sandstones. The presence of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB), such as Beggiatoa and Thioploca, is indicated by significant amounts of 16:1ω7c and 18:1ω7c fatty acids. The existence of the SRB in the deposit, as inferred from the fatty acids, is consistent with results from fossilized microorganisms and isotopic compositions of ore-stage pyrite. This suggests that the environment may have been favorable for the SRB to grow since ore formation (9.8-22 Ma). The bacteria may have degraded hydrocarbons directly, or indirectly utilized hydrocarbons degraded by oxic microbes in the deposits. This process may have produced 12C-rich calcite and prominent baseline humps of unresolved complex mixtures (UCM), and 25-demethylated hopanes and tricyclic terpanes. The existence of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria in the deposit may have resulted in bacterial sulfate reduction to sulfide, re-oxidization of the sulfide to sulfate and subsequent reduction of the sulfate to sulfide. This assertion is supported by ore-stage pyrite with δ34S values as low as-39.2‰, and the lightest sulfate (about 11‰) measured during the Phanerozoic, a difference of more than 46‰.