Models for calculating phreatic water evaporation on bare and Tamarix-vegetated lands

Groundwater is the main source of water consumption of natural vegetation in arid regions. It is an effective approach to study ecological water demand of natural vegetation by phreatic evaporation. In order to study the ecological water demand of Tarim river basin, based on the observation data of phreatic evaporation on bare lands at the Aksu Water Balance Experimental station from 1989 to 1996, by analyzing the relationship of phreatic evaporation, depth of phreatic surface and evaporation of water, taking the limit rate of phreatic evaporation as the control condition, and based on the objective law that the relation between phreatic evaporation and evaporation of water is nonlinear, we establish models for calculating phreatic evaporation on bare land, which can fully reflect the law of phreatic evaporation in the Tarim river basin. According to the data of depth of phreatic surface and soil moisture when pheratic level decline is caused just by evapotranspiration on Tamarix-vegetated land from 2003 to 2004, we calculate the amount of phreatic evaporation and set up models for calculating phreatic evaporation on Tamarixvegetated land. Phreatic evaporation on bare land and Tamarix-vegetated land could be transformed each other by a Tamarix vegetation conversion coefficient. The test results show that the calculation accuracy of the models is high and the models are suitable for Tarim river basin.     

Individual dispersion of synthetic imogolite nanotubes via droplet evaporation

Morphology of synthetic imogolite nanotubes formed in droplet evaporation was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. The nanotubes form a dense entangled network at higher concentrations,while at lower concentrations the nanotubes are liable to form ori-ented bundles. Under enthanol atmosphere,individual dispersion of nanotubes was observed for the first time,which reveals the length polydispersity of synthetic imogolite nanotubes.     

空调工况下非共沸制冷剂蒸发时的换热特性

为了揭示空调工况下非共沸制冷剂在蒸发器中的换热特性，探明制冷剂和换热流体间温差的沿程变化规律，建立了制冷剂的蒸发换热模型，根据标准的空调工况确定了制冷剂的蒸发物性参数．利用制冷剂状态方程得到蒸发过程中温度与焓的对应关系，计算出制冷剂和换热流体在蒸发过程中的温差．通过归纳沿程位置的温差变化，得到它的变化规律，对大多数非共沸制冷剂，换热温差沿程呈非线性变化，这为合理设计蒸发器提供了一定的理论依据．最后应用上述方法对15种非共沸制冷剂的蒸发特性进行了评价，发现R407C制冷剂换热性能最优．     

酒泉西部盆地新第三系生油的可能性

酒泉西部盆地新第三系白杨河组富含油气,油源问题至今未解决。普遍认为新第三系不能生油,生油层为下白垩统。作者从蒸发环境生油的观点出发,认为白杨河组不仅是含油层系,也可能是生油层系。这一认识,已为原油孢粉分析和同位素年龄测定所证实。     

土壤中热、水、气运动的研究

给出了计算不饱和土壤中热、水、气运动的二维数学模型，并对无作物覆盖情况下土壤中热、水、气运动进行了数值模拟，得到了一定环境条件下土壤床内各场量的分布，为进一步分析农作物理想的热力与生态环境奠定基础．     

用微弱信号检测技术研究光电阴极

本文概括介绍了用微弱信号检测技术研究光电阴极的光吸收、组分、电子亲和势、折射率、衰减率和透射率等.并提出用微弱信号检测技术可以改进多碱光电阴极的制备工艺和性能。探索Ⅲ—Ⅴ族负电子亲和势光阴极的蒸发方法,从而降低Ⅲ代夜视器件的成本.     

新型真空蒸发冷却装置

对几种真空蒸发装置进行了比较，推出了一种新型真空蒸发冷却装置，通过实例证明该真空蒸发冷却装置具有节能降耗、操作方便、运行平稳等优点。     

电子束蒸发制备纳米ZnO薄膜及其特性研究

用电子束蒸发制备一系列纳米ZnO薄膜,用XRD和AFM研究其结构和形貌,重点研究其拉曼谱.ZnO靶的拉曼谱出现了4个明显的峰,与文献报道基本一致.室温下沉积的ZnO薄膜中存在大量缺陷和氧空位,其拉曼频移只有LO模和低频E2模,且其LO模有相对频移,峰展宽,强度加强.ZnO膜的高频拉曼谱对其结构不敏感,各种制备条件下的ZnO膜其高频拉曼谱基本一致.对拉曼谱,结合XRD和AFM分析给出了初步的解释.     

残留溶剂对连续莫来石纤维干法纺丝的影响

以干法纺丝制备连续莫来石纤维,研究残留溶剂质量分数在纺程上的变化以及甬道温度、纤维直径对其影响.实验结果显示:沿平行纺丝线方向,残留溶剂质量分数的变化分为3个阶段,变化最快的阶段在距离喷丝板1m长度范围内,残留溶剂质量分数变化量占全程变化总量的60%～63%;沿垂直纺丝线方向,溶剂蒸发分为2个阶段,通过计算机模拟得到了残留溶剂在纤维横截面上的分布曲线.相同实验条件下,纺丝甬道温度升高30℃,残留溶剂质量分数降低2%～3%;纤维直径增大30μm,残留溶剂质量分数减少1%～2%.在实验范围内,最佳纺丝甬道温度为80℃,最佳纤维直径为80～90μm.     

水质控制技术在蒸发冷却器喷淋系统中的应用

介绍了水质控制技术在大唐国际临汾热电有限责任公司蒸发冷却器喷淋系统改造中的应用,阐述了该公司闭式水蒸发冷却器运行现状,讨论了蒸发冷却器存在问题,分析了腐蚀和积泥产生的原因,提出了喷淋水系统水质控制的措施,以大幅提升蒸发冷却器换热性能,确保盛夏高温季节重要辅机设备的安全可靠运行。