溅射法制备的ZnO薄膜的光发射

报道了用射频磁控溅射法在硅衬底上制备出具有好的(002)择优取向的多晶ZnO薄膜，在514nm处观察到显著的单色绿光发射峰；且随着氧分压的增加，绿光发射峰的强度减弱．经真空中退火该发射峰增强；而在氧气中退火该发射峰强度减弱．该发射峰强度依赖于氧分压的事实表明：514nm绿光发射峰与ZnO薄膜中的氧空位缺密切相关，认为它来自于氧空位缺陷深施主能级上的电子到价带顶上的跃迁．     

城市次干道路段机动车污染物排放因子的测定

选择上海市路网某典型次干道上的两点进行机动车污染排放因子测试，获得了城市次干道上机动车排放污染物浓度、交通参数、气象参数等实测数据．根据观测点处不同的气象条件，选用不同的大气扩散模型进行反推，得出机动车排放源强及平均排放因子，并在此基础上应用多元回归方法进行计算，获得了8大类机动车各种排放污染物的单车排放因子。     

餐饮废油制生物柴油的排放特性

研究利用餐饮业废油脂制造生物柴油的方法.通过对比实验,研究增压柴油机燃烧餐饮废油制生物柴油和普通柴油对发动机动力性、经济性和排放特性的影响.研究结果表明:对于实验发动机,在油泵最大喷油量保持不变时,直接燃烧餐饮废油制生物柴油对柴油机动力性的影响小于2.5%;无论在全负荷还是部分负荷工况下,燃用餐饮废油均能大幅度降低柴油机的排气烟度、PT、CO和HC排放量,但是会引起NOx的排放量上升.     

成都市实际道路汽车行驶工况的研究

采用一套车载实验系统,记录了实际道路汽车行驶的瞬时速度和排放数据.从大量的速度数据中以11个特征参数为基准,合成了成都市不同道路的行驶工况,并与标准测试工况进行了对比分析,发现它们之间存在较大差别.     

基于节能服务的嵌入式低碳服务机制研究

碳排放依赖型企业在引入嵌入式低碳服务(embedded low-carbonservice)时往往面临着低碳节能水平信息不对称带来的项目风险.鉴于此,在低碳经济背景下,本文考虑了低碳服务商(lowcarbon service provider)的投资水平和低碳节能能力不可观测情形嵌入式低碳服参与主体间最优激励契约的设计问题.同时对该情形下的最优激励契约进行了分析.应用嵌入度刻画嵌入式低碳服务参与主体间的价值共同度,分析了嵌入度对最优激励契约的影响.研究表明,低水平的嵌入度将使得低碳服务商承担更大的项目风险,同时形成需要低碳服务商每期预付节能保证金的合同模式.高水平的嵌入度能促进嵌入式低碳服务的低碳减排效率.     

考虑碳排放和预约机制的送箱集卡多码头调度问题

考虑送箱集卡多码头调度的低碳、高效化要求,及为解决集卡不规律到达导致码头拥挤问题而提出的集卡预约集港机制,以单一外堆场调用送箱集卡数量最小及多集装箱码头调度方案碳排放总量最小为目标,构建了单堆场多码头送箱集卡调度模型.设计了改进的蚁群算法对该模型进行求解,得到按时间段划分的港外堆场多码头集卡低碳送箱方案,通过算例验证了所构建模型和算法的有效性.结果表明,考虑碳排放和预约机制的送箱集卡多码头调度方案所需集卡数量少,工作时间短,兼顾了集装箱码头集卡送箱作业低碳和高效的要求.     

聚集诱导发光材料在生物成像、疾病诊断及治疗的应用

 聚集诱导发光（AIE）从2001年提出到现在,经历了迅猛的发展。研究AIE的发光机理、设计合成新型的AIE分子,应用到人类生活的各个领域中是当前的研究热点。在生物医学应用上,AIE分子相比于传统的结构平面刚性的荧光材料具有优势。根据AIE的发光机理--分子内运动受限,研究者设计出多种点亮型的AIE探针,它们可以在生物检测中提供更低的背景和更可靠的信号。同时,由于未结合检测物的AIE探针具有低背景,使用AIE探针的应用还具有无需洗涤步骤的优点,大大节省了操作时间及减少检测样品的损失。检测形成的AIE聚集体具有优异的光稳定性和抗光漂白性,可以实现长时间的追踪和监测。目前,AIE生物探针在生物分子检测、细胞器成像、细菌成像、细胞追踪、血管成像、体内肿瘤成像与治疗等方面已经取得了众多的成果。本文介绍了AIE的提出、AIE的工作机理,AIE生物探针的构建,总结了AIE探针在生物成像、疾病诊断及治疗等不同方面的应用。     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of Mn4+-dopant Ca14Zn6Ga10−xAlxO35 solid solution

Mn~(4+)-activated oxide phosphors,owing to their desirable spectral features,eco-friendly and low cost,are emerging as a new class of non-rare-earth red phosphors for warm white LEDs.However,these phosphors possess low photoluminescence quantum efficiency excited by blue chip currently.Herein we report an isostructural solid solution of Ca_(14)Zn_6Ga_(10-x)Al_xO_(35):0.15Mn~(4+)(0≤x≤10)synthesized by a traditional solidstate reaction route.The microstructure and luminescent performance of this red-emitting phosphor are investigated in detail with the aids of X-ray diffraction,diffuse reflection spectra,photoluminescence spectra/decay/QE,and temperature-dependent PL/QE measurements.Blue shift of energy peaks of~4A_2→~4T_1and~4A_2→~4T_2transition is illustrated by the Tanabe–Sugano diagram and the configurational coordinate diagram.The crystal field strength(Dq)and the Racah parameters(B and C)are carefully calculated to estimate the nephelauxetic effectβrespectively.Particularly we achieve external and internal quantum efficiencies as high as26.1%and 40.3%for Ca_(14)Zn_6Ga_6Al_4O_(35):0.15Mn~(4+)excited by 466 nm,the highest one ever reported in Mn~(4+)activated oxide phosphors under the similar condition.     

Damage evolution and failure mechanism of thermal barrier coatings under Vickers indentation by using acoustic emission technique

Acoustic emission(AE) technique was adopted to monitor the damage evolution of air plasma-sprayed(APS) yttria-partially-stabilized zirconia(YSZ) thermal barrier coatings(TBCs) during instrumented indentation testing, and then the failure mechanisms were investigated by cluster analysis and wavelet transform methods.The results of cluster analysis showed that there were three classes associated with distinct failure types for the 8YSZ coatings under Vickers indentation. Based on wavelet transform, these three clusters could be clearly distinguished from their dominant frequency bands, which were concentrated on levels A5(0–156.25 kHz), D5(156.25–312.5 kHz) and D4(312.5–625 kHz), respectively. Thus, the failure mechanism of 8YSZ coatings under Vickers indentation could be clarified by the distribution of different failure types in indentation depth. To sum up, as indentation load increases, the 8YSZ coatings can accommodate the indenter by elastic or little plastic deformation, microcracks propagation and then debonding at the splat boundaries. By comparing the distribution of AE signals induced by different failure types in indentation depth for samples with different thermal exposure time, it can be inferred that thermal exposure treatment can accelerate the degradation of APS 8YSZ TBCs.     

力学性能对矿柱体系破坏影响的三维数值分析

在深部高应力等复杂地质条件下开采时,由多个矿柱构成的矿柱体系的稳定性对矿山安全生产至关重要.利用RFPA^3D-Parallel程序,研究了单轴抗压强度对串行和并行矿柱体系破裂过程的影响.结果表明,串行矿柱中强度较弱部分的失稳决定整个体系的稳定,对该段加固和监测有助于体系的稳定性控制;对并行布设的矿柱体系,其压力传递与柱的抗压强度密切相关,较弱柱先破坏,应力依次向强度较高的柱转移,直到矿柱系统失稳;可将声发射数的多峰现象或声发射累积增长阶梯型弧段作为矿柱体系中弱柱失稳破裂、应力向相邻强柱转移的依据.