砾间接触氧化反应器中微型动物种类及其贡献解析

通过3组平行试验,验证了生物砾石接触氧化法处理生活污水的可行性.结果表明:连续曝气的处理效果最佳.在3组试验装置的好氧生物膜中,检测出6种微型生物:钟虫、草履虫、轮虫、线虫、盾纤虫和体虫.其中,体虫未在间歇曝气装置中出现.连续曝气装置中检测到的微型生物种类与数量均多于间歇曝气装置.微型动物对剩余污泥减量的贡献可归纳为:增长食物链;直接对污泥进行摄食和消化,在减少污泥容量的同时增加污泥的可溶性;利用微型动物来增强细菌的活性或增加有活性的细菌数量,从而增强细菌的自身氧化和代谢能力,减少剩余污泥量.     

高压脉冲放电对靛蓝二磺酸钠脱色效能研究

研究了针-板电极高压脉冲放电对靛蓝二磺酸钠的脱色效能.试验表明,单纯高压脉冲放电对靛蓝二磺酸钠具有一定的氧化脱色效果,其脱色率随着电压上升、电极间距缩小、溶液电导率降低及pH值降低而升高.Fe2 对该过程具有良好的催化效果.在0.1 mmol/L Fe2 的作用下,高压脉冲放电在20 m in内可以将5 mg/L靛蓝二磺酸钠脱色98.6%,比不加Fe2 相同条件下的脱色效率(11.9%)提高了7倍多.试验结果表明,脱色过程与该过程中产生的过氧化氢以及Fe3 有关,由于Fe2 的投加,脱色过程中可能发生了Fenton反应.     

自燃烧法制备羟基磷灰石及在钛表面电泳沉积

采用自燃烧法制备羟基磷灰石(HA)粉末,通过调节试剂配比、燃烧温度等实验参数,得出最佳的制备工艺,并对粉体进行了结构、粒度和比表面积的测试。采用电泳沉积法在经阳极氧化的钛板表面形成羟基磷灰石涂层,研究了电解液质量分数、电压、时间对氧化膜及涂层的影响,并进行了XRD和SEM表征;得出阳极氧化的最佳工艺:H2SO4电解液质量分数为20%,电压为120 V,氧化时间为10 min;电泳沉积的最佳工艺:悬浮液质量浓度为15 g/L,沉积电压为250 V,沉积时间为3 min。     

含铌硅磷铝双功能分子筛催化剂的合成及结构表征

合成了铁磷铝(FeAPO-5)、铁硅磷铝(FeSAPO-5)和铌铁硅磷铝(NbFeSAPO-5)分子筛催化剂,并采用XRD、红外光谱和固体魔角旋转核磁共振等方法对合成的催化剂进行了结构表征。结果表明:合成的分子筛具有AlPO4-5的骨架结构,并且铁、硅和铌金属杂原子进入了分子筛骨架。以丙酮醛和甲醇作为合成丙酮酸甲酯的原料,考察了NbFeSAPO-5分子筛催化剂的催化氧化及催化酯化性能,结果表明铁元素进入分子筛骨架使催化剂具有良好的催化氧化性能,而硅和铌的引入提高了分子筛的酸性和催化酯化性能,使NbFeSAPO-5分子筛催化剂成为同时具有催化氧化和催化酯化性能的双功能催化剂。     

不同方法制备的PtRu/C催化剂对乙醇的电催化氧化

选用不同方法制备PtRu/C催化剂,运用循环伏安法、线性扫描法和计时电流法来检测乙醇及CO在不同方法制备的PtRu/C催化剂上的电催化氧化情况.发现无论在酸性溶液还是在中性溶液中,方法3制备的PtRu/C催化剂对乙醇和吸附态的CO的电氧化都有良好的催化活性.     

基于阳极氧化和电芬顿法的吲哚降解机理研究

对典型的含氮杂环有机物吲哚,采用阳极氧化和电芬顿法进行了降解研究.结果表明,吲哚在阳极氧化和电芬顿体系下可达到68%和97%的去除效果,而相应的TOC去除效果分别为15%和38%.通过盐桥将阴阳极室隔开后的处理结果表明,吲哚的主要降解途径为阳极氧化和羟基自由基氧化,依次经氧化吲哚和靛红后开环,部分吲哚在反应过程中聚合为二聚体.     

处理频率对TC4钛合金微弧氧化膜特性的影响

利用自制多功能微弧氧化膜的制备系统对TC4钛合金进行表面处理, 通过扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究脉冲频率(f)对氧化膜生长特性、 表面形貌和相组成的影响. 结果表明, 当f≤2 000 Hz时, 成膜速率随f增加迅速减小; 当2 000 Hz＜f＜4 000 Hz时, 成膜速率随f增加而减小的趋势变缓; 当f≥4 000 Hz时, 成膜速率不随f发生变化. 该氧化膜表面多孔, 随f的增加, 膜表面微孔尺寸逐渐减少, 微孔密度逐渐增加. 膜层主要由锐钛矿和金红石相TiO2及少量不饱和氧化物TiO2-x（0.02＜x＜0.07）相组成, 其中锐钛矿和金红石相TiO₂的相对含量随f的变化不明显, 而TiO_2-x的相对含量当f≤2 000 Hz时较高, 当f＞2 000 Hz时, TiO_2-x的相含量明显减少.      

阳极氧化法制备Ba1-x-yCaxSryMoO4固溶体薄膜

室温条件下,在碱性的Ca^2＋、Sr^2＋、Ba^2＋溶液中,通过电化学阳极氧化制备了Ba1-x-yCaxSryMoO4多晶固溶体薄膜材料.采用XRD、SEM、XPS、FA（荧光分析）等测试手段分析了薄膜的晶相结构、表面形貌、化学组成及室温光致发光特性.研究表明室温阳极氧化法所制备的Ba1-x-yCaxSryMoO4固溶体薄膜具有四方晶结构,在紫外光的激发下,有较好的光致发光特性.     

Acyl-chloride functionalized graphene oxide chemically grafted with hindered phenol and its application in anti-degradation of polypropylene

In this study,graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were first functionalized by the acyl-chloride reaction and then reacted with hindered phenol (HP) to obtain HP grafted GO (GO-g-HP).The GO-g-HP prepared under the optimized condition exhibited a high efficiency against both thermal and photo oxidation of isotactic polypropylene (iPP).GO-g-HP exhibited a much better anti-aging efficiency than that of HP and GO used individually or that of their physical mixture.The outstanding anti-aging effect of GO-g-HP was attributed to the excellent synergistic effect produced between the chemically bonded GO and HP,which resulted in an improved oxygen barrier property of GO and excellent utilization of the free radical scavenging capability of GO and HP.Also,thanks to the grafting of HP on GO,the physical loss of HP,which was one of the main shortcomings for traditional small molecular antioxidants,was largely suppressed.It is expected that the GO-g-HP prepared can well meet the requirement of long-term applications of polymers in some harsh service conditions.     

Self-rolled TiO_2 microscroll/graphene composite for electrochemical dopamine sensing

Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter,and nonenzyme electrochemical sensor of dopamine detection based on highly active material is urgently demanded.In this work,an electrochemical sensor with high sensitivity and selectivity based on self-rolled TiO_2microscroll/graphene composite was developed and validated for dopamine sensing.The device exhibited a superior performance for dopamine detection with a detection limit of 4.25×10~(-9)mol L~(-1),and in the dopamine concentration range of 0.06–90μmol L~(-1),the oxidation currents increased linearly with the concentration.The remarkable performance enhancement was mainly ascribed to the increased surface area due to the porous surface of the TiO_2nanomembrane and highly conductive graphene therein.In addition,we have demonstrated that the sensor could be effectively used on detecting dopamine concentrations in urine samples.Our work demonstrates that the current microscroll-based device is promising in the field of real-time health monitoring for future human community.