关于"矩阵奇异值的下界估计"的注记

给出了矩阵奇异值下界的新估计，修正了以往结果的失误。     

应用微波技术和自吸收原子吸收法快速测定鸡蛋中的锌和铁

本法对鸡蛋中锌、铁含量进行了快速规定。蛋样用全聚四氟乙烯消化弹和微波炉加热技术相结合的方法消化,锌和铁采用火焰原子吸收法测定,并用自吸收扣除背景的干扰。方法简单、快速、准确。回收率在96.0～112.%之间。     

真刺唇角水蚤体长和温度对生殖率的影响

于1986年4月至1987年8月间研究了厦门港真刺唇角水蚤(Labidoceracuchaeta Giesbrecht)的生殖率,结果表明,在充足饵料条件下,相对产卵率与产卵雌体体长无关,与温度成正相关,与实验温度的关系有季节性的变化,分析10个月海区温度接近于实验温度的资料得到产卵率(F,卵/?/d)与温度(T,℃)和雌体碳重(Wc,μg C)的关系式:F=0.0637(T-7)~(0.7445)·Wc,总产卵量与体长成正相关,但与温度关系较复杂,在海区温度范围孵化率与温度无关,终年处于较高水平(58～94％,平均81％)。     

Variation in egg size and nestling growth rate in relation to clutch size and laying sequence in great tits Parus major

The objectives of this study were to examine (1) optimal clutch size in great tits (Parus major) nesting in nest boxes; (2) variation in egg morphology and nestling growth rate with position in the laying sequence; and (3) hatching asynchrony and nestling survival as determined by infrared nest cameras. We collected data from 73 clutches in artificial nest boxes in the Zuojia Natural Preserve area in Jilin Province, China, in 2005 and 2006, using infrared cameras to match laying order to hatching order for four nests. Egg morphology and growth rate were significantly affected by clutch size and position in the laying order. Overall, egg size and growth rate increased with position in the laying order. In general, it was difficult to detect asynchronous hatching from observations alone, but data from our infrared cameras showed that early-laid eggs tended to hatch before later-laid eggs, leading to hatching asynchrony. However, females invested more into last-laid eggs and nestlings, reducing size asynchrony among the chicks and leading to higher survival rates of nestlings. Our results, therefore, provide support for the"brood survival"hypothesis rather than for the"brood reduction"hypothesis.     

日本沼虾Macrobrachium nipponense（de Haan）卵子附着机制研究I．卵膜及卵子附着的扫描电镜观察

用扫描电镜技术观察了日本沼虾（Ｍａｃｒｏｂｒａｃｈｉｕｍｎｉｐｐｏｎｅｎｓｅ）成熟卵、人工授精卵及自然受精产出附着于腹肢上的卵。成熟卵只有初级卵膜，表面较光滑，上密布微孔，密度约１～２个／μｍ２；人工授精卵表面首先突起大小不同的颗粒，随后颗粒破裂并消失，同自然受精卵一样，卵表略光滑，呈波浪状起伏，微孔密度与未受精前大致相同；自然产出的受精卵，表面覆盖一层由雌体腹肢分泌的次级卵膜。次级卵膜具有保护、选择性渗透及隔离邻近受精卵的作用。腹肢不断摆动，受精卵在腹肢间滚动并形成卵与卵之间以及卵与刚毛之间两种“卵柄”，一种称为卵索（ｆｕｎｉｃｕｌｕｓ），不与刚毛相连。ｆｕｎｉｃｕｌｕｓ扁带状，与卵接触处较宽，约１４０～１５０μｍ，中间宽约３０～４０μｍ；另一种称为卵柄（ｅｇｇｓｔａｌｋ），由１～２根载卵刚毛（ｏｏｓｅ－ｔａｅ）插入次级卵膜形成，与卵接触处次级卵膜突起呈锥状，基部宽约１４０～１５０μｍ。非载卵刚毛起辅助抱卵作用。     

Reproductive behaviour of the glass frog Hyalinobatrachium cappellei (Anura: Centrolenidae) in the Southern Amazon

Frog species of the Centrolenidae family exhibit a high variation in reproductive behaviours. Herein we describe the reproductive, ecological, acoustic and behavioural features of Hyalinobatrachium cappellei in Southern Amazon. Two hypotheses were also evaluated: (1) are ecological characteristics of the reproductive site related to male size and quantity of eggs and clutches? And (2) do males with one or more existing clutches at reproductive sites accumulate more new clutches than those males initially without them? This study was conducted at two streams, with sampling at 1 km each in Southern Amazon. Species reproduction occurred during the wet season and was considered prolonged breeding. Although male vocalization occurred on both the upper and underside of leaves, clutches were most often deposited on the underside of leaves. Males emitted a courtship call upon female approach. The process of female approach until oviposition lasted approximately eight hours. After oviposition, females left the breeding site while males remained near the clutch, covering it with the belly in ventral brooding behaviour. Thus, egg attendance is reported for the first time for this species. No intraspecific or interspecific aggressive behaviour was recorded. There was no relationship between habitat characteristics of the reproductive sites and male size, number of eggs and clutches. However, after 10 days of monitoring, we found evidences that parental males had a higher number of clutches than those males initially without clutches. Similar to other glass frog species, the behavioural characteristics of H. cappellei make this species an excellent model to use in evaluating the cost-effectiveness of parental care and the importance of egg attendance for offspring survival. Therefore, these data contribute towards a better understanding of the complex phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships between centrolenid lineages.     

几种饲料添加剂对金定鸭产蛋性能及蛋质特性的影响

以圈养、进行个体产蛋记录的金定鸭为材料.在饲料条件一致的前提下,通过对照实验,分析露康定红合成剂、钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)、紫菜(Porphyra sp.)、海带(Lam inaria sp.)和菜籽油 维生素E等五种饲料添加剂对金定鸭产蛋性能及蛋质特性的影响.在五种添加剂中,添加0.008% 露康定红和7% 螺旋藻能够将蛋黄颜色提高到Roche14～15 级(P< 0.05), 而且添加7% 螺旋藻还能提高蛋重以及蛋白组分重量(P< 0.05).添加菜籽油 维生素E对产蛋性能和蛋质特性的影响不明显(P> 0.05).添加8% 紫菜和8% 海带虽能将蛋黄颜色提高到Roche 11 级左右(P< 0.05)但却会导致母鸭的产蛋量和蛋重发生显著下降(P< 0.05).对各种添加剂影响产蛋性能和蛋质特性产生不同效果的原因也进行了探讨.     

鸡蛋透光图像特征提取与新鲜度检测模型研究

消费者对蛋品品质的要求越来越高,系统地对鸡蛋新鲜度进行无损检测也越来越重要。通过冷光源照射获取鸡蛋彩色透光图像,提取透光图像Lab空间的L分量进行灰度阈值分割得到鸡蛋的二值图像;将L分量进行预处理后,采用连通区域检测法提取气室边缘、霍夫直线检测气室与鸡蛋的分割线,得到气室的二值图像;提取透光图像RGB空间的G分量进行自适应灰度调整、自定义模板的线性空间滤波,利用形态学方法和阈值分割法提取蛋黄图像;使用sobel算子提取蛋黄边缘并利用最小二乘法拟合蛋黄椭圆。提取透光图像中与新鲜度有关的气室大小、蛋黄大小和椭圆度三种特征,计算三种因素值并分别建立了它们与鸡蛋新鲜度的单因素线性回归模型;利用梯度下降法综合三种特征因素训练得出鸡蛋透光图像三元新鲜度模型。该模型经拟合优度检验和F检验具较高可靠性,可对禽蛋进行实时新鲜度检测与分级。     

叶芝《苍鹭蛋》中苍鹭意象的多重隐喻

在叶芝的《苍鹭蛋》中,苍鹭没有直接出场,却至始至终笼罩着整个剧本,既决定着人物的命运,也推动着情节的发展。论文认为它是神圣大自然的象征,是英国统治者的象征,是与人结合的神的象征,是特定时代伦理标准的象征,同时还是艺术创作缪斯的象征。苍鹭多重隐喻的形成与作品材料的多重来源和互文性的创作特色、多种戏剧体裁和氛围的杂糅、象征主义的创作方法等有密切的关系。     

Symbolism in "The Egg"

Sherwood Anderson is one of the most prominent writers in American literary history.This paper deals with the abundant symbolic meanings in his famous short story "The Egg".Symbolism makes a literary work profound.The various depressing fates awaiting the eggs simultaneously come true on the father and the son,exposing the unreality of the American dream for the poor to be rich.