陕西省非农人口分布的空间自相关特征分析

目的从全域和局域两个角度对陕西省非农人口分布的空间结构形态进行探讨。方法采用空间自相关分析方法。结果发现陕西省非农人口分布在整体上呈显著的空间正相关,而在关中、陕南、陕北3个区域则呈现不同的空间关联结构。结论分析方法能更清楚地揭示出陕西省非农人口的空间分布模式,即呈关中地区密度高,陕南和陕北地区密度较低的不平衡局面,同时,各区县非农人口密度大的区域和密度小的区域在空间上呈现一定的积聚性特征。     

植被恢复与重建的生态功能特征研究概述

恢复、修复或重建被破坏的森林和其他自然生态系统,可增加林冠对降雨的截留作用,其凋落层是巨大的水分蓄积库,增强了系统水分涵养功能;植被的恢复和重建,通过改良土壤理化性质,达到在一定程度上增加土壤水分的入渗和土壤储水量,减少地表径流。     

热轧带钢横向温度研究方法及测量分析

对目前带钢横向温度分布的研究方法和结论进行了分析;对1800热连轧机精轧出口带钢的横向温度进行测量,针对典型的分布规律,提出了描述参数,并用该参数就其分布规律以及分布与带钢宽度、纵向温度的关系进行了讨论,为建立热连轧带钢横向温度控制模型提供了依据.     

Vegetation Spatial Heterogeneity of Different Soil Regions in Inner Mongolia, China

The vegetation spatial heterogeneity and ecological characteristics in different soil regions were analyzed by surveying the vegetation in 12 different soil regions of Inner Mongolia, China, including conifer- ous-broadleaf deciduous forests, shrub, grassland, and desert regions with 1122 large 2 cm × 2 cm quad- rats (actual size 30 km × 30 km, referred to as L-quadrat hereafter) in about 1.18 million km2. Each L- quadrat was divided into four small 1 cm × 1 cm quadrats (actual size 15 km × 15 km, S-quadrat). The vegetation was analyzed based on the beta-binomial distribution to describe the frequency of occurrence and spatial heterogeneity for each kind of vegetation. The weighted average of the heterogeneity of all vegeta- tion in the same soil region provides a measure of the soil regional landscape level heterogeneity which de- scribes the spatial complexity of the regional landscape composition of the existing vegetation. Comparison of the vegetation characteristics in the 12 soil regions shows that, the calcic gray soil has the highest average vegetation type per quadrat. The largest soil region is calcic chestnut soil and has the most vegetation types. Every soil region has its own dominant vegetation sequence which dominates in occurrence and dominant vegetation types which dominates in spatial heterogeneity. For the Inner Mongolian vegetation, the weighted average of the heterogeneity is 0.60 and the vegetation diversity index is 4.47.     

高炉矿渣粉粒度分布与粉体特性关系的研究

粉体特性研究对于探索矿渣粉高效制备的方法至关重要．选用Rosin-Rammer-Bennett方程作为粒度分布模型，对立磨矿渣粉采用分级组合的手段，配制出22种具有不同特征粒径（De=8～20μm）和不同均匀性系数（n=0．9～1．4）的矿渣粉体（n=0．9～1．4）．在研究其粉体特性的基础上，建立了矿渣粉的粒度分布参数（n和忱值）、压缩应力与粉体的自然堆积密度和压缩密度之间的经验关系模型．发现经400kPa压缩应力压实的矿渣粉体，呈现出弹性特征．卸载后其回弹率介于0．33％～0．475％．矿渣粉的比表面积越小，回弹率越大．     

基于声线跟踪法的稳态声场空间分布计算

使用一种新的声线跟踪模型来预测稳态声场的能量分布,声场空间分布能通过一次仿真就得到预测并成像.接收球在这种方法中没有被使用,因为预测的目标不是一个点而是整个三维空间.首先建立一个三维的能量数组以模拟整个声空间,该数组的行数,列数和层数分别与声空间的宽,长和高成正比.能量数组中的每一个元素被用于记录声空间中某一个小立方体的声强,而该元素在数组中的位置与该立方体在声空间中的位置相同.每根声线的传播路径都被跟踪,其传播路径将被离散化为一系列均匀分布而又密集的节点,每个节点的坐标都被计算出来以找到能量数组中位置相同的元素,该节点的声强将被记录在它所对应的数组元素中.当全部声线都被跟踪完毕时,声强空间分布就已经建立在能量数组中了.某一个平面内或某一条线上的声强级和声压级分布都可以直接根据能量数组中的值计算出来并成像.在进行的实验中对稳态声场的声压级进行测量和预测,发现预测结果与实验结果吻合很好,因此这种新的声线跟踪模型的有效性得到证明.     

不同思维模式下的脑电奇异谱分析

人脑是极为复杂的系统,脑电(EEG)是脑内大量神经元电活动合作与竞争的综合反映,由局部和非局部频率分量构成,这些局部分量与特殊的内在神经网络状态紧密相关,在宏观上反映了脑的机能状态.脑电信号的非线性分析是近年出现的一种脑电分析方法,它反映了大脑处理信息活动的有序程度,为研究大脑高级认知活动提供了新的思路.越来越多的研究表明,传统的非线性动力学方法采用单一的参数不能充份描述脑电信号的复杂行为,多重分形用一个谱函数从不同层次描述了分形体的整体生长特征,采用多重分形方法描述系统的非线性动力学行为能够得到更多的信息.本文对不同思维模式下脑电的多重分形特性进行分析,发现EEG的奇异谱在不同的思维状态下具有差异.进一步对这种差异进行统计分析表明大脑思维的EEG多重分形特性受到人脑的思维方式的影响,EEG多重分形奇异谱强度分布反映了大脑思维模式的差异.     

基于节点敏感性分析的无网格法节点布置研究

在应用无网格法进行数值计算时,由于节点的布置对于计算结果的精度有直接影响,因此节点布置方案以及节点性态特点是无网格法中的研究重点。把有限元和形状优化设计中的节点敏感性这一概念应用于无网格法,选择势能密度作为响应变量对无网格法中的节点进行敏感性分析,得到了节点布置方案与节点敏感性系数之间的关系。通过悬臂梁的数值算例,说明了该方法能够有效地指导并改进节点布置方案,使计算精度明显提高。     

曲杏壳制备炭膜支撑体

以杏壳为原料，通过碳化法制备了碳膜支撑体，利用泡压法表征了支撑体的孔径分布。对杏壳原料进行预碳化、粉碎、筛分得到碳粉，将碳粉和添加剂混匀挤出成型得到支撑体原膜，经干燥、碳化得到无缺陷碳膜支撑体。实验结果表明，粘结剂用量增加会导致支撑体平均孔径变小，纯水能量减小。随着原料颗粒的减小支撑体平均孔径减小，纯水能量下降。     

What can we learn from the fifties?

Economists have increasingly elicited probabilistic expectations from survey respondents. Subjective probabilistic expectations show great promise to improve the estimation of structural models of decision making under uncertainty. However, a robust finding in these surveys is an inappropriate heap of responses at “50%,” suggesting that some of these responses are uninformative. The way these 50s are treated in the subsequent analysis is of major importance. Taking the 50s at face value will bias any aggregate statistics. Conversely, deleting them is not appropriate if some of these answers do convey some information. Furthermore, the attention of researchers is so focused on this heap of 50s that they do not consider the possibility that other answers may be uninformative as well. This paper proposes to take a fresh look at these questions using a new method based on weak assumptions to identify the informativeness of an answer. Applying the method to probabilistic expectations of equity returns in three waves of the Survey of Economic Expectations in 1999–2001, I find that: (i) at least 65% of the 50s convey no information at all; (ii) it is the answer most often provided among the answers identified as uninformative; (iii) but even if the 50s are a major contributor to noise, they represent at best 70% of the identified uninformative answers. These findings have various implications for survey design.